被子植物异型花柱及其进化意义

异型花柱(heterostyly)是被子植物中一种特殊的花多态现象和雌雄异位形式, 包括二型花柱(distyly)和三型花柱(tristyly) 2种类型。据报道, 在被子植物的约31个科中有异型花柱植物。该类型植物的花部特征在避免自交、促进准确的异交传粉以及通过降低雌雄功能干扰以提高亲本适合度等方面具有重要的进化意义。该文从以下3个方面总结和分析了异型花柱及其进化意义: (1)异型花柱植物的类型和花部特征、附属多态性和种群结构; (2)异型花柱植物在被子植物中的分布、起源和演化; (3) 异型花柱植物的进化适应意义。结合目前作者开展的有关工作, 对异型花柱植物研究中存在的一些问题进行讨论和展望, 希望能为国内工作者开展该领域的研究提供一些参考。

Heterostyly in Angiosperms and Its Evolutionary Significance

Heterostyly is a distinct floral polymorphismand herkogamy pattern and includes distyly and tristyly. Heterostyly has been reported in 31 families of angiosperms. It is considered to play an important role in protecting the functional pistil and stamens, ensuring reproduction by avoid selfing, and increasing male fitness and outcrossing rates by reducing s exual interference between female and male function. Here, we review recent advances in heterostyly research, with emphases on (1) types, floral syndrome, ancillary polymorphism and population structure of heterostylous species; (2) taxonomy, origin and evolution of angiosperms that exhibit heterostyly; and (3) the evolutionary significance of heterostyly . We also discuss prospects for further research. Our review provides a database for further study of the evolutionary biology of heterostylous species and points to the significance of heterostyly in the evolution of breeding systems of plants.