岩白菜属植物规模化繁殖及遗传稳定性

根据市场需求和野生资源现存状况, 筛选厚叶岩白菜(Bergenia crassifolia)、秦岭岩白菜(B. scopulosa)和岩白菜(B. purpurascens)进行规模化繁殖, 并利用ISSR分子标记对组培苗进行遗传稳定性分析。以顶芽为外植体, 筛选出MS+0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.01 mg·L^-1 NAA+2.0 mg·L^-1 V_C为最佳增殖培养基, 3种岩白菜属植物增殖系数分别为3.10、2.50和2.10; 在1/2MS+1.0 mg·L^-1 IBA+2.0 mg·L^-1 V_C培养基上, 3种岩白菜属植物生根率分别为85%、80%和75%; 在腐殖土:黄沙:珍珠岩=2:1:1 (v/v/v)的混合基质中, 移栽成活率分别为90%、85%和80%。规模化繁殖厚叶岩白菜20万株, 秦岭岩白菜2万株, 岩白菜1万株, 目前还在持续生产中。ISSR分子标记结果表明, 岩白菜后代遗传变异较大, 秦岭岩白菜后代遗传变异较小, 3个种在继代至第20代时出现了遗传变异; 岩白菜和秦岭岩白菜的平均遗传变异率随继代次数的增加而增加, 厚叶岩白菜的平均遗传变异率随继代次数的增加呈现不规律变化。

Mass Propagation and Genetic Stability of Bergenia Species

According to commercial use, market demand and survival of wild resources, Bergenia crassifolia, B. scopulosa, B. purpurascens were selected for tissue culture in vitro and standardized propagation. ISSR markers were used to analyze the genetic stability of tissue culture plantlets. The optimal multiplication medium was MS medium supplemented with 0.01 mg·L^-1 NAA, 0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA, and 2.0 mg·L^-1 Vc with shoot tips used as explants. The multiplication coefficients were 3.10, 2.50 and 2.10 for the three species, respectively. The suitable rooting culture medium was 1/2MS medium with 1.0 mg·L^-1 IBA and 2.0 mg·L^-1 Vc, and the rooting rates for the three Bergenia species were 85%, 80%, and 75%, respectively. The rooted plants were transplanted in a mixed medium of humus, yellow sand, and perlite with volume ratio 2:1:1; the survival rates of transplanted plantlets were 90%, 85% and 80%, respectively. Using this method of rapid propagation, three Bergenia species propagated 200 000, 20 000, and 10 000 plantlets, respectively. ISSR molecular marker detection results showed that genetic variation was greater for regenerated plantlets of B. purpurascens than the mother plant and was lower for regenerated plantlets of B. scopulosa than the mother plant. After 20 generations of regeneration, the plantlets of the 3 Bergenia species showed genetic variation. The average genetic variation rate of B. scopulosa and B. purpurascens increased with increasing subculture times, but the average genetic variation rate of B. crassifolia after the increase in number of generations changed irregularly.