种子蛋白质组的研究进展

蛋白质组学是通过对全套蛋白质动态的研究, 来阐明生物体、组织、细胞和亚细胞全部蛋白质的表达模式及功能模式。大量可用的核苷酸序列信息和灵敏高速的质谱鉴定技术, 使得蛋白质组学方法为分析模式植物和农作物的复杂功能开辟了新的途径。目前, 种子蛋白质组研究主要集中在两个方面: 一方面是鉴定尽可能多的蛋白, 以创建种子特定生命时期的蛋白质组参照图谱; 另一方面主要集中在差异蛋白质组, 通过比较分析不同蛋白质组, 以探明关键功能蛋白。该文综述了近年来种子蛋白质组的研究进展, 内容包括种子发育过程中蛋白质组的变化, 与种子休眠/萌发相关的蛋白质组、翻译后修饰蛋白质组、细胞与亚细胞差异蛋白质组以及环境因子对种子蛋白质组的影响; 并对种子蛋白质组研究的热点问题进行了展望。

Progress of Study of Seed Proteomes

Proteomics involves analysis of all dynamic proteins to elucidate the pattern of protein expression and function in all kinds of organisms, tissues, cells and organelles. Proteome analysis is becoming a powerful tool in the functional characterization of plants. Because of the availability of vast nucleotide sequence information and the progress in sensitive and rapid protein identification by mass spectrometry, proteome approaches open up new perspectives to analyze the complex functions of model plants and crop species at different levels. Seed proteomics mainly focus on two aspects: (1) identifying as many proteins as possible to establish a proteome reference profile for a specific physiological phase and (2) comparison proteomics. This review gives an overview of recent advances in seed proteomics. We discuss proteomes associated with seed development, dormancy and germination, cell and subcellular structures, PTMs and proteomes of responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Perspectives on and challenges in study of seed proteomes are proposed.