莲属植物类黄酮代谢产物的研究进展

莲属(Nelumbo)植物既可药用也可食用, 其中荷叶、藕节、莲子、莲子心、莲房和莲须等皆可入药, 但药效各不相同。迄今为止, 从莲的各组织中共检测出类黄酮多达61个, 包括8个花青素苷、2个黄酮醇、29个黄酮醇苷、1个黄酮、16个黄酮苷(内含13个碳苷黄酮)和5个黄烷醇。该文对莲各组织中所含类黄酮的检测方法、组成、含量及药理等方面的研究进展进行了综述。迄今的研究结果表明, 莲中含有丰富的类黄酮化合物, 且具广泛的药理活性(如抗氧化、抗菌、抗HIV、抗动脉粥样化、提高免疫力和减肥降脂等)。这些资料不仅对今后深入研究莲各部位的类黄酮代谢物及其与药效的关系有重要意义, 而且对保健食品和中药的研发也具有重要的参考价值。

Recent Advances in Metabolic Products of Flavonoids in Nelumbo

Nelumbo plants contain edible and pharmaceutical products; nelumbinis folium, rhizomatis nodus, semen, plumula, receptaculum, and stamen are all used in medicine. The efficacy of the medicine varies greatly between different parts. In total, 61 flavonoids, including 8 anthocyanins, 2 flavonols, 29 flavonol glycosides, 1 flavone, 16 flavone glycosides (13 C-glycosyl flavones) and 5 flavanols, have been identified in various lotus tissues. These flavonoid compounds are widely used in the health-food and medicine industries. This paper summarizes the recent progress in the detection and purification, composition, content and pharmacological studies of flavonoids in different Nelumbo tissues, comprising lotus leaves, petals, stamens, pistils, tori, leaf veins, leaf stalk, flower stalk, seed pods, seed coats, kernels, plumules and rhizome. Petals and stamens possess plentiful quercetin and kaempferol glycosides; quercetin glycosides are dominant components in other tissues except for plumules. Abundant C-glycosyl flavones were identified in plumules. In addition, the total content of flavonoids was significantly high in leaves. HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MSⁿ are becoming the main detection methods because of their high sensitivity and accuracy. The most effective method for separating and purifying the single compound is high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). Because of the wide range of biological activities of Nelumbo tissues, including antioxidant, antibiotic, anti-HIV, anti-atherothrombotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity properties, promoting the comprehensive study and development of the nutritional and pharmacodynamic material in each tissue is important.