植物铝毒害及遗传育种研究进展

本文简单概述了目前植物铝毒害及遗传育种方面的研究进展。Al3+可以通过与细胞骨架的作用，影响根的正常生理功能和形态建成。 植物可以通过根尖分泌有机酸或磷酸等将离子态的铝变成螯合态的铝，通过吸收H+提高根尖周围的pH，将Al3+变成难溶性的 Al(OH)3或磷酸铝从而解除铝毒害， 也可以通过在细胞内与Al3+形成无毒害的复合结构从而解除铝毒害。国外通过基因工程和突变体筛选已经获得了一批耐铝的植物材料，国内一些研究者通过突变体筛选也获得了一些耐铝的植物材料。 对植物耐铝性的遗传研究表明， 植物的耐铝性既可以是受单基因控制的，也可以是受多基因控制的。

Advances in Studies on Aluminum Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants

In this paper the current advances in studies on aluminum stress in plants are reviewed. Al3+ may adversely influence the function and morphogenesis of plant roots by acting on cytoskeleton and is harmful to many plant species. The plants may become tolerant to Al3+ through secretion of organic acids or phosphate to bind with Al3+, by taking up H+ to alkalize the rhizosphere to reduce the apoplastic Al3+ activity, or by formation of nonphytotoxic complexes to reduce the symplastic Al3+ activity. Genetic engineering and mutant selection have been employed in breeding for Al3+ tolerance in plants. Tolerance to Al3+ in plants may be controlled by a single gene or multigenes.