乌鲁木齐南部山区森林生态系统树生地衣群落结构

为了探明乌鲁木齐南部山区树生地衣种类及其群落结构特征, 应用多元分析中的主成分分析及聚类分析方法, 对分布在乌鲁木齐南部山区森林生态系统中的树生地衣植物群落进行数量分类, 并对其群落结构的物种多样性、相似性和均匀度等群落参数进行了比较系统的研究。结果表明, 分布在乌鲁木齐南部山区的树生地衣共有39种, 隶属于5目13科26属。根据多元分析结果, 将该地区的树生地衣划分为3种类型: (1) 小茶渍(Lecanora hageni (Ach.) Ach.) + 蜈蚣衣(Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl.) + 柳茶渍(L. saligna (Schrad.) Zahlbr.)群落; (2) 斑面蜈蚣衣(Physcia aipolia (Humb.) Furm.) + 对开蜈蚣衣(Ph. dimidiata (Arn.) Nyl.) + 喇叭石蕊(Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm.)群落; (3) 拟石黄衣(Xanthoria fallax (Hepp) Arnold.) + 丽石黄衣(X. elegans (Link.) Th. Fr.)群落。群落3的多样性指数最大, 为1.509, 其次为群落2, 其多样性指数为1.109, 群落1的多样性指数最低, 为1.088。同时, 研究发现海拔高度和树种是影响乌鲁木齐南部山区森林生态系统树生地衣结构的两个重要因素。

Corticolous Lichen Community Structure in a Forest Ecosystem in the Southern Mountains of Urumqi

To understand corticolous lichen species composition and its community structure characteristics, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis methods were used to study a corticolous lichen community in the forest ecosystem of the southern mountains of Urumqi. Thirty-nine corticolous lichen species, belonging to 5 orders, 13 families and 26 genera, were found. Multivariate analysis and characteristics of habitat revealed that the corticolous lichen communities could be classified into three types: (1) Lecanora hageni (Ach.) Ach. + Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl. + L. saligna (Schrad.) Zahlbr.; (2) Physcia aipolia (Humb.) Furm. + Ph. dimidiata (Arn.) Nyl. + Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm.; and (3) Xanthoria fallax (Hepp) Arnold. + X. elegans (Link.) Th. Fr. Community 3 had highest species diversity (1.509), then community 2 (1.109), then community 1 (1.088). Altitude and tree types were the two important environmental factors influencing the structural patterns of corticolous lichen communities in this forest ecosystem.