纳米农药在植物中的吸收转运研究进展

农药是一类用于防治作物病虫草害、保障粮食生产与安全的化学物质。传统农药剂型载药粒子粒径粗大, 有效利用率低, 用量大, 对生态环境造成严重危害。农药纳米剂型可以提高载药系统的分散性、稳定性及生物活性, 是克服传统剂型功能缺陷、提高农药有效利用率、减少环境污染的重要科学途径。研究纳米农药粒子在植物体内的吸收与转运行为, 对于理解纳米农药与植物的互作方式, 揭示其在植物体内的吸收作用机制及生物累积效应, 以及明确其生物安全性具有重要意义。该文从纳米农药在植物体内的吸收转运影响因素、机制、分析方法及其生物安全性4个方面进行综述, 阐明了无机和有机纳米农药在植物体内的吸收转运模式及研究手段, 并展望了其应用前景, 以期为纳米农药的设计、构建及合理安全使用提供理论与技术支撑。

Research Progress on Uptake and Transport of Nanopesticides in Plants

Pesticide is a kind of chemicals to control crop diseases, pests and weeds for ensuring crop yields and food safety. Large particles, low effective utilization rate and large dosage are the major defects of the traditional pesticide formulations, leading to the destruction of the ecological environment. Pesticide nanoformulations can improve the dispersibility, stability and biological activity of traditional formulations. This is an important scientific approach to overcome the defects of traditional formulations, enhance the effective utilization rate of pesticides, and reduce environmental pollution. Elucidating the uptake and transport behavior of nanopesticides in plants is useful for understanding the interaction between nanopesticides and plants, revealing their uptake mechanism and bioaccumulation effect, and clarifying their biological safety. This article reviews the uptake and transport studies of nanopesticides in plants in four aspects: factors affecting the uptake and transport of nanopesticides in plants, mechanisms of uptake and transport, related analysis methods and their biological safety. This article also elaborates the modes and research methods of the uptake and transport of inorganic and organic nanopesticides in plants, and further proposes their potential applications. This piece will provide theoretical and technical basis for the design, construction and reasonable application of nanopesticides.