红豆杉属幼苗繁殖技术的研究进展

红豆杉属(WTBX]TaxusWTBZ])是珍贵的药用植物，其紫杉醇的大规模开发应用加剧了资源短缺。本文概述了红豆杉属植物的区域分布、生境和群落学研究结果，重点综述了幼苗培育途径及技术关键。种子繁殖的关键是破除休眠和苗期遮荫；扦插繁殖的关键是插条年龄及长度、药剂品种与处理时间、扦插基质与季节、圃地荫棚与保暖设施的优化配套；组培繁殖的难点是根系诱导和幼苗芽丛形成。现阶段红豆杉属植物的规模化发展宜以扦插供苗为主、辅以种子育苗、攻关组培苗繁殖。

Advances in Researches on Propagation Techniques of Taxus

Taxus is a genus of valuable medicinal plants for taxol, the large-scale exploitation of which has aggravated the shortage of its resources. This paper briefly describes the distribution, habitats and communities of Taxus and reviews the methods and key technical points in producing young plants of the genus. In propagation by seed, it is important to break the seed dormancy and to shade the seedlings. In propagation by cuttings, the age and length of the cuttings, the rooting media, season, and the combination of shading and covering are crucial to their survival. In in vitro propagation, root induction and bud formation need to be improved. The large-scale development of Taxus resources currently depends mainly on plants produced by cuttings, supplemented by seed propagation, and further researches on tissue culture holds potentials for practical use.