植物铜转运蛋白的结构和功能

铜(Cu)是植物必需的微量营养元素,参与植物生长发育过程中的许多生理生化反应。Cu缺乏或过量都会影响植物的正常新陈代谢过程。因此,植物需要一系列Cu转运蛋白协同作用以保持体内Cu离子的稳态平衡。通常,Cu转运蛋白可分为两类,即吸收型Cu转运蛋白(如COPT、ZIP和YSL蛋白家族)和排出型Cu转运蛋白(如HMA蛋白家族),主要负责Cu离子的跨膜转运及调节Cu离子的吸收和排出。然而,最近有研究表明,有些Cu伴侣蛋白家族可能是从Cu转运蛋白家族进化而来,且它们在维持植物细胞Cu离子稳态平衡中也具重要功能。该文对Cu转运蛋白和Cu伴侣蛋白的表达、结构、定位及功能等研究进展进行综述。

Structure and Function of Copper Transporters in Plants

Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient involved in many physiological and biochemical reactions in growth and development in plants. Cu deficiency or excess can affect plant metabolism. Therefore, a series of Cu transporters are needed to act synergistically to sustain Cu homeostasis in plants. Plant Cu transporters can be classified into 2 general classes — Cu-uptake transporters (e.g., COPT, ZIP and YSL protein families) and Cu-efflux transporters (e.g., HMA protein family) — responsible for membrane transport of Cu and mediating Cu uptake and efflux. Recent studies have shown that some Cu chaperone protein families may be evolved from Cu transporter protein families, and Cu chaperones play an important role in maintaining Cu homeostasis. Here, we review developments in the expression, structure, location and function of Cu transporters as well as Cu chaperones.