蕨类植物孢子囊形态 I. 鳞始蕨科

孢子囊是蕨类植物的繁殖器官, 其形态在蕨类植物的分类和系统发育研究上具有重要意义。用次氯酸钠溶液处理新鲜成熟的孢子囊, 在光学显微镜下获得清晰的孢子囊图像, 系统研究了中国鳞始蕨科4属13种孢子囊的形态特征。结果表明, 鳞始蕨科孢子囊呈椭球形, 孢子囊柄由3列细胞构成, 环带类型为垂直环带。通过分析孢子囊形态数据探讨了中国鳞始蕨科属内及属间差异。结果表明, 乌蕨属(Odontosoria)、香鳞始蕨属(Osmolindsaea)、达边蕨属(Tapeinidium)和鳞始蕨属(Lindsaea)的孢子囊环带细胞数依次减少, 囊蒴体积、唇细胞数和囊壁细胞数的变化由大(多)到小(少)依次为乌蕨属、达边蕨属、香鳞始蕨属和鳞始蕨属。孢子囊属内差异最大的是阔片乌蕨(Odontosoria biflora)与乌蕨(O. chinensis)以及香鳞始蕨(Osmolindsaea odorata)与日本鳞始蕨(O. japonica); 而达边蕨属和鳞始蕨属的属内差异则很小。研究结果为揭示鳞始蕨科系统发育关系提供了形态基础, 特别是提出阔片乌蕨和乌蕨以及香鳞始蕨和日本鳞始蕨在孢子囊形态上的差异值得进一步研究。

Sporangia Morphology of Ferns I. Lindsaeaceae

Sporangia are propagative organs of ferns and their morphology has great significance for fern taxonomy and phylogeny. In this study, we used sodium hypochlorite solution to observe fern sporangia. By this process, we could obtain sporangia photos under light microscopy. We studied the sporangia morphology of 13 species belonging to four genera of the fern family Lindsaeaceae and found that the shape of the capsule is ellipsoidal, with a vertical annulus; the pedicel is composed of three rows of cells. The cell number annulus is reduced in Odontosoria, Osmolindsaea, Tapeinidium and Lindsaea, whereas the volume of capsule and cell number of stomium and capsule are reduced in Odontosoria, Tapeinidium, Osmolindsaea and Lindsaea. As well, the same genus shows more differences between species, such as Odontosoria biflora and O. chinensis as well as Osmolindsaea odorata and Os. japonica, but less difference between the genera of Tapeinidium and Lindsaea. Studies of sporangia morphology will be useful for further research in other groups of ferns.