不同水稻品种库源的特征变化

为探讨不同年代水稻(Oryza sativa)品种间库、源及库/源的变化,用吉林省1958–2005年间育成的33个水稻品种为材料,对库、源及库/源的特征进行了研究。结果表明,吉林省47年来在水稻品种遗传改良过程中库和源性状均得到了改善。其中,单株穗重和单株粒数分别增长了62.93%和37.65%,平均年增长率分别为1.34%和0.80%,与育成年代均呈极显著正相关;单株叶面积、单株光合能力和剑叶净光合速率(Pn)分别增长了13.75%、24.80%和12.60%,年增长率分别为0.29%、0.53%和0.27%,与育成年代均呈显著正相关。不同年代育成水稻品种穗重/单株光合能力、粒数/单株光合能力无明显变化,但穗重/叶面积和粒数/叶面积与育成年代呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.441 0(P0.05)和0.401 7(P0.05);穗重/Pn和粒数/Pn与育成年代呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.509 3(P0.01)和0.483 2(P0.01)。以上结果说明,吉林省水稻品种产量的增加是由于库和源共同作用的结果,但单位叶面积光合能力的改善远远落后于其它库源性状的增长。进一步提高叶片Pn并改善叶片的光合能力应作为高产水稻品种选育的新目标。

Changes in Sink-source Variation Characteristics of Different Rice Varieties

We aimed to understand the relationship between sink, source and sink-source in Oryza sativa cultivars released in different years. With 33 rice varieties bred for materials, sink, source and sink-source were studied from 1958 to 2005 in Jilin Province. Rice genetic-improvement sink and source traits improved in Jilin Province in 47 years. For sink, panicle weight and number of seeds were positively correlated with year of release, increased by 62.93% and 37.65%, respectively, and 1.34% and 0.80% on average, respectively. For source, leaf area per plant, flag leaf photosynthetic capacity and net photosynthetic rate (P_n) were positively correlated with year of release, increased by 13.75%, 24.80% and 12.60%, with the annual growth rate 0.29%, 0.53% and 0.27% in last 47 years. Different rice varieties ear weight/plant photosynthetic capacity and grains/plant photosynthetic capacity did not differ. However, panicle weight/leaf area and grains/leaf area showed a significant positive correlation with breeding age (correlation coefficients 0.441 0, P<0.05, and 0.401 7, P<0.05). Panicle weight/P_n and grains/P_n showed a significant positive correlation with breeding age (correlation coefficients 0.509 3, P<0.01, and 0.483 2, P<0.01). Rice production can be increased as a result of sink-source interaction in Jilin Province, but improving photosynthetic capacity per unit leaf area growth lags far behind other sink-source traits. Improving the leaf P_n, leaf photosynthetic capacity should improve with the new high-yielding rice varieties breeding goals.