诱导性多能干细胞向神经细胞分化的研究进展

诱导性多能干细胞(induced pluripotent stem cell,iPS cell)是通过转染外源特定的基因组合来诱导成体细胞重编程为类似于胚胎干细胞的一种多潜能干细胞,iPS细胞与胚胎干细胞不仅在形态上相似,而且在功能方面几乎相同.另外,iPS细胞的诞生克服了胚胎干细胞在临床应用时涉及的移植免疫排斥与伦理道德问题,因此具有重要的临床应用价值.目前iPS在治疗中枢神经系统性疾病方面的研究已取得很大进展,包括iPS细胞向神经细胞诱导分化方法的改进、分化机理的探索以及iPS细胞分化来源神经细胞在神经系统疾病模型中治疗作用的研究等.从iPS细胞的创建及特点、iPS细胞向神经细胞分化的诱导方法及研究新进展方面予以综述.

Research Progress in Neuronal Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell

Induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC),which is generated by reprogramming the somatic cells through thansfection of a combination of specific genes,owns the similar biological properties with embryonic stem cell.iPSC is morphologically identical to embryonic stem cell and show infinite proliferation,self-renewal abilities,teratoma formation after subcutaneous injection and contribution to chimeric animals on injection into blastocysts.Several molecular and functional assays are set to evaluate the similarity of iPSC with embryonic stem cell.Furthermore,the generation of iPSC overcomes the ethical difficulties and the risk of transplant rejection by the host immune system,implying great clinical potential.Great progresses have been achieved in the area of iPSC about treating the diseases of central nervous system,including the improvement of the methods about neuronal differentiation,the research of differentiation mechanisms and the treatment of neuronal cells derived from iPSC on the diseases of nervous system.The creation and characteristic of iPSC and the methods about neuronal differentiation of iPSC are reviewed.It also summarizes the recent progress in neuronal differentiation of iPSC.