水产养殖用解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的安全性评价

目的:评价水产养殖用解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的安全性。方法:参照《GB/T21805-2008化学品藻类生长抑制试验》、《GB/T13266-91水质物质对蚤类(大型蚤)急性毒性测定方法》、《GB/T13267-91水质物质对淡水鱼(斑马鱼)急性毒性测定方法》、《渔药临床试验技术规范》等国家标准及相关法规,观察了解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊对小球藻生长的抑制作用以及对大型蚤、斑马鱼和草鱼的急性毒性,分析了其对养殖水体主要理化因子的影响。结果:解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊在终浓度为0.2～2 000mg/L时对小球藻生长具有促进作用,对小球藻的半数抑制浓度大于2 000mg/L,而且其对大型蚤、斑马鱼和草鱼的半数致死浓度也大于2 000mg/L(或mg/kg体重)。此外,在养殖水体中加入解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊至终浓度为0.2～2 000mg/L后14天内,各浓度组的氨氮含量、硫化物和pH均缓慢下降,仅亚硝酸盐氮含量稍微升高后逐渐缓慢降低,但这些理化因子的变化与解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊的加入量呈负相关关系。结论:解淀粉芽孢杆菌微胶囊实际无毒,对养殖水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硫化物和pH等理化因子的影响均控制在虾虎鱼仔鱼、黄颡鱼、白斑狗鱼、克氏原螯虾等水产养殖动物的安全浓度范围内,为其在水产养殖中的安全应用提供了重要的科学依据。

Safety Evaluation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Microcapsules Used for Aquaculture

Objective: The present study was to evaluate the safety of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens microcapsules used for aquaculture.Methods: According to Chemicals—Alga growth inhibition test(GB/T21805-2008),Water quality—Determination of the acute toxicity of substance to Daphnia(Daphnia magna straus)(GB/T13266-91),Water quality—Determination of the acute toxicity of substance to freshwater fish(Brachydanio rerio Hamilton-Buchanan)(GB/T13267-91) and Clinical experiment technical practice for fishery drugs,the growth inhibition of the B.amyloliquefaciens microcapsule on Chlorella sp.and its acute toxicity to Daphnia,zebra fish and grass carps were observed,and its influence on main physicochemical factors of aquaculture water was also assayed.Results: The growth of Chlorella sp.was promoted with B.amyloliquefaciens microcapsules at the final concentrations of 0.2~2 000mg/L,its IC50 to Chlorella sp.was 2 000mg/L,and its LD50 to Daphnia,zebra fish and grass carps were all >2 000mg/L(or mg/kg body weight).In addition,in the period of 14 days after the input of the B.amyloliquefaciens microcapsule into the farming water at 0.2~2 000mg/L,the contents of the ammonia and sulfide as well as the pH values were gradually reduced,only the nitrite nitrogen concentration first rose slightly and followed by a slow decrease,and the changes of the physiochemical factors related negatively to the concentration of the B.amyloliquefaciens microcapsules.Conclusion: The B.amyloliquefaciens microcapsule was actually nontoxic,its effects on the ammonia,nitrite nitrogen,sulfide and pH in the fish faming water were under the control of their safe concentrations to aquatic animals,such as the goby fry,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Esox lucius,Procambarus clarkia.The present study provided important scientific basis on the safe use of B.amyloliquefaciens microcapsules in aquaculture.