基因技术在治疗2型糖尿病中的应用*

2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)是一类由于胰岛β细胞损伤和机体对胰岛素耐受引发的慢性代谢性疾病,其快速增长的患病率和并发症所带来的高病死率已成为人类面临的医学难题。目前,T2DM主要是以降糖药物及胰岛素增敏剂等药物进行治疗,但是这类药物会产生严重的副作用,而且不能长期良好控制血糖和防止各种慢性并发症。因此,基因治疗是未来医疗发展的主要方向。基因治疗不仅可以靶向调控血糖水平进而提高降糖的效果,而且能够减少糖代谢异常引起的并发症,保护组织器官免受损伤。在认识传统药物治疗糖尿病的基础上,综述了基因技术在治疗T2DM中的应用,讨论了基因技术治疗T2DM的意义及存在的问题。基因技术的应用不仅有利于T2DM的预防和个体化治疗,同时也为糖尿病并发症提供了新的治疗途径。

Application of Gene Technology in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a kind of chronic metabolic disease caused by β-cell damage and insulin tolerance. The rapid growth of its morbidity and high mortality caused by complications has become a medical problem. At present, T2DM is mainly treated with hypoglycemic drugs and insulin sensitizers, but these drugs will have serious side effects. And these drugs can’t control blood glucose and prevent various chronic complications for a long time. Therefore, gene therapy is the main direction of future medical development. Gene therapy can not only target to regulate blood glucose level and improve the effect of lowering blood glucose, but also reduce the complications caused by abnormal glucose metabolism and protect tissues and organs from damage. Based on the understanding of traditional medicine in the treatment of diabetes, the effect and advantages of gene technology in the treatment of T2DM are reviewed, which is not only conducive to the prevention and individualized treatment of T2DM, but also provides a new treatment for diabetic complications.