转基因林木潜在生态风险研究进展

近20年来，转基因技术在林木上的应用已使林木遗传育种研究取得了可喜的成绩，部分转基因林木已经进行了田间试验，还有一些获得了商品化许可。但与此同时，转基因林木的生态安全问题也逐渐引起了人们的关注，这些问题主要体现在外源基因的水平转移，垂直流动以及对昆虫、土壤生态系统、病毒等的潜在影响上。本文简要介绍了转基因林木田间试验、商品化生产情况及其潜在的生态风险，并对转基因林木的进一步发展进行了展望。

Review of the Ecological Risks of Genetically Modified Trees

Delightful achievements have been obtained in forestry genetic breeding since the application of transgenic technology in this field during the past 20 years. Field trials of some genetic modified (GM) trees have been carried out, and some GM trees have been commercialized. Meanwhile, the risks of ecological safety caused by GM trees have raised attention in the public gradually. These issues mainly include the horizontal transfer and vertical flow of foreign genes, and the potential effects on insects, soil ecosystems and virus. The current status of field trials, commercial applications and the potential ecological risks of GM trees were summarized. Then the prospects of GM trees were also presented.