FAD2类酶在合成工业用脂肪酸中的应用

许多工业用稀有脂肪酸存在于非食用植物种子油中，它们由不同脂肪酸Δ12-去饱和酶（FAD2）催化，在油酸Δ12位引入环氧基、羟基、形成三键或共扼双键。目前已从不同生物中克隆得到一系列FAD2酶基因，并在油料植物中获得成功表达。但总体上看，目标脂肪酸累积量还相对较低，稀有脂肪酸生物合成及其从磷脂酰胆碱（PC）到储存甘油三酯(IAG)的转化机制尚需要进一步阐明。

Advances in Application Studies of FAD2 on Biosynthesis of Industrial Fatty Acids

Many unusual fatty acids present in the seed oils of nonfood plants are modified at the Δ12 position either by the addition of epoxy or hydroxy groups or by the formation of triple (acetylenic) bonds or conjugated double bonds. The introduction of these functionalities into C18 fatty acids is catalyzed by a family of divergent forms of the fatty-acid Δ12-desaturase (FAD2) enzyme. Genes encoding these enzymes have now been cloned from a variety of organisms and expressed in transgenic oilseeds. However, the accumulation of the intended fatty acids in transgenic plants has been relatively disappointing, and the mechanisms of these unusual fatty acids biosynthesis and transferring from phosphatidylcholine into storage triacylglycerols still need to be elucidated.