里氏木霉产纤维素酶研究进展

木质纤维素类生物质被认为是重要且可持续的可再生能源,其主要组成部分是纤维素。纤维素酶是一种能将纤维素分解为葡萄糖的复合酶,能有效地降解木质纤维素生物质。真菌、细菌、放线菌、酵母等多种微生物均可以产生纤维素酶,其中里氏木霉具有完整的纤维素酶系结构,常作为生物技术领域中一个重要菌株,广泛应用于纤维素酶的商业生产。介绍了纤维素酶的作用机理,综述了里氏木霉产纤维素酶的发展现状和研究进展,讨论了生产工艺(如培养条件及产酶诱导物等)对纤维素酶生产的影响,阐述了通过化学诱变及基因改造构建高产纤维素酶的里氏木霉的研究进展以及纤维素酶生产的主要瓶颈,以提供更经济的生产方案,将纤维素酶广泛应用于工业生产。

Research Progress of Cellulase Production in Trichoderma reesei

Lignocellulosic biomass is considered an important and sustainable renewable energy source,which contains cellulose as the main component of lignocellulosic biomass.Cellulase is a group of enzymes that can decompose cellulose into glucose.Various microorganisms including fungi,bacteria,actinomycetes and yeasts are known to produce cellulase.Among them,Trichoderma reesei is one of the most widely used cellulolytic organisms that can produce a large amount of intact extracellular cellulase and hemicellulase to degrade lignocellulose.Therefore,T.reesei has become an important host microorganism for the production of commercial enzymes in the field of biotechnology.This article introduces the mechanism of cellulase,and summarizes the development status and the latest research progress of cellulase production by T.reesei.The influences of cellulase production technology including fermentation conditions and cellulase inducers,and the progress of different molecular strategies(such as mutagenesis and genetic modification)on constructing T.reesei with high cellulase-producing abilities were reviewed.In addition,the bottlenecks related to cellulase production are also discussed,in order to provide a more economical production process to widely apply cellulase in industrial production.