微生物tRNA与密码子系统应用研究进展*

tRNA作为生命中心法则中翻译过程的重要参与分子,其种类、丰度都会对蛋白质的正常合成产生巨大影响。近年来通过对微生物tRNA的结构功能以及合成修饰过程的解析获得诸多启发,开展密码子扩展的研究,实现将非天然氨基酸引入特定位置从而获得新功能蛋白。同时,通过化学合成微生物基因组开展的密码子重编码工作将释放更多的密码子与tRNA用于更加广泛的密码子扩展研究。对微生物tRNA与密码子系统在合成生物学中的最新应用研究进展进行了综述,并讨论其未来的发展趋势。

Progress in the Study of Microbial tRNA and Genetic Codon System Related Applications

The tRNA are important molecules of the translation process in the central dogma of life. The type and abundance of tRNA have a huge impact on the synthesis of proteins. In recent years, many inspirations have been obtained through the analysis of the structure and function of microbial tRNA and the process of tRNA modification. Moreover, the study of genetic codon expansion has realized the incorporation of unnatural amino acids into specific positions to obtain new functional proteins. At the same time, the codon recoding work carried out through chemical synthesis of microbial genomes will release more codons and tRNAs for more genetic codon expansion research. This work reviewed the latest application research progress of microbial tRNA and codon system in synthetic biology, and discussed the future development trend.