生物可降解材料构建组织工程软骨的研究进展

关节软骨修复困难，目前临床上治疗关节软骨损伤难以达到满意的效果。组织工程学的兴起为其提供了新的选择。本文介绍了组织工程软骨的发展历史，重点叙述了各种天然支架材料、人工合成材料、复合材料及纳米材料在软骨组织工程中的应用及其优势。目前应用的天然材料存在力学强度差及免疫源性的不足;人工合成材料降解速率快，降解产物具有细胞毒性，有待进一步完善。表面修饰等技术的应用在一定程度上克服了某些材料的不足；复合材料综合了数种材料的优点，是今后材料技术发展的方向；纳米技术的出现使新合成的材料成为纳米量级，具有了普通材料无可比拟的优势，这为组织工程材料的发展提供了新的思路。本文还对组织工程支架材料存在的问题、下一步的发展方向和前瞻性研究做了介绍。

Research progress of biodegradable scaffolds in constructing tissue engineering cartilage

Articular cartilage repair is limited. Current treatments for cartilage defect are less satisfactory,and rarely restore full function or return the tissue to its native normal state. The rise of tissue engineering holds great promise for the generation of functional cartilage tissue substitutes. The history of cartilage tissue engineering and highlights the applications and advantages of various kinds of scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering, such as native scaffolds, synthesis scaffolds, composite scaffolds and nanometer scaffolds had been introduced. But native scaffolds have weak strength and immunogenicity insufficiency, synthesis scaffolds degrade quickly, whose degrading products have cytotoxicity, which need further improvement. The application of superficial decoration overcomes the disadvantage of some scaffolds to an extend. Composite scaffolds possess the advantages of several scaffolds, it points out the direction of future scaffolds research. The development of Nanometer technique endows newly-synthesis scaffolds with nano-grade, thus it has some advantages and give a new way for the development of tissue engineering. At the end, the problems of these scaffolds, their trend of development and perspective studies were discussed.