不同营养元素限制对圆红冬胞酵母油脂生产的影响

以产油酵母圆红冬胞酵母（Rhodosporidium toruloides）作为研究对象，系统地研究了氮、磷、硫限制对其油脂积累的影响，并在3L生物反应器上考察了R.toruloides在C/P摩尔比为1 133.3时初始葡萄糖浓度对油脂生产的影响。结果表明：氮、磷、硫中任意一种营养元素受限，均能促使R.toruloides在胞内积累高于自身干重60%的油脂；通过改变培养基的组成，可以调节油脂中脂肪酸的构成，使油脂中饱和脂肪酸比例高于70%或不饱和脂肪酸比例高于60%。就油脂生产强度及转化效率而言，磷限制优于氮限制或硫限制。当C/P摩尔比相同时，初始葡萄糖浓度越低越有利于油脂生产。对采用不同原料生产微生物油脂的技术有一定指导意义。

Effects of Lipid Production by Rhodosporidium toruloides under Conditions with Limitation of Different Nutrient Elements

To compare lipid production among different nutrient-limited conditions, the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides was cultivated on glucose with limitation of nitrogen-or phosphorus-or sulfur-sources on the flasks. Then, the lipid accumulation on 3-liter bioreactors by varying carbon concentrations at the C/P of 1 133.3 were surveyed. Our results demonstrated that lipid content of over 60% could be achieved by limiting either one of these three elements. By controlling the recipe of culture media, it was possible to prepare lipids of which contents of saturated fatty acids were over 70% or contents of unsaturated fatty acids were over 60%. P-limitation was more effective comparing to N-limitation or S-limitation for higher lipid yield and productivity. The information is valuable for microbial lipid technology using different biological resources as feedstock.