新型疫苗佐剂的研究进展

与传统的灭活或活体疫苗相比,由基因工程重组抗原或化学合成多肽组成的现代疫苗往往存在免疫原性弱等问题,需要新型的免疫佐剂来增强其作用。尽管传统的铝盐佐剂是目前唯一全球公认的人用佐剂,但存在激发细胞免疫应答能力差等不足,因此,需要研发更为安全有效的人用新型佐剂,尤其是安全无毒、能够刺激较强细胞免疫应答的佐剂,以及适合粘膜疫苗、DNA疫苗和癌症疫苗的免疫佐剂。分析阐述了新型佐剂研究状况和佐剂发展方向,并进一步对新型佐剂的临床前和临床试验研究以及已批准上市的新型疫苗佐剂进行了综述。

Recent Advances in Studies of Novel Vaccine Adjuvants

The problem of modern vaccines composed of pure r ecombinant or synthetic antigens is that they are generally far less immunogenic than older style live or killed whole organism vaccines. This has created a maj or need for improved and more powerful adjuvants for use in these vaccines. Alum inium remains the sole adjuvant approved for human use in the majority of countr ies worldwide, but it has little capacity to stimulate cellular immune responses which are so important for protection against many pathogens. Consequently, the re is a major need for safer and more effective adjuvants suitable for human use . In particular, there is demand for safe and non-toxic adjuvants able to stimu late cellular immunity and other needs for adjuvants suitable for mucosally-del ivered vaccines, DNA vaccines and cancer vaccines. The status of new adjuvant re search was summarized, future directions of adjuvant development was discussed, the recent advances in the preclinical and clinical studies of novel adjuvants w as reviewed, and finally the application of registered human adjuvants was illus trated.