海蛎壳生物质资源再利用的研究进展*

海蛎是一种营养和医药价值较高的咸水双壳类动物,在世界各地被广泛养殖。海蛎壳副产品是一种天然生物质资源,由95%的碳酸钙和5%的有机基质组成。海蛎壳的多尺度、多层次“砖-泥”独特结构,使其具有良好的机械稳定性、生物相容性、可降解性和优异的吸附特性。首先,介绍了海蛎壳生物质的理化性质和天然独特微纳米结构,总结了海蛎壳在农业、工业、生物医药领域的研究现状,详细阐述了其在污水治理、土壤改良、天然抗菌剂(食品工业和生物医药)、骨组织工程、医药原料、生物填料、工业催化剂及分散载体、建筑工业填料、功能化涂料等领域的研究现状。其次,概述了利用生物转化技术将海蛎壳转化为生物能源、新型生物质材料等方面的研究进展。最后,展望了海蛎壳生物质资源及其衍生物未来在工业、农业、医药领域的潜在应用。

Research Progress on Reuse of Biomass Resource of Oyster Shells

Oysters are saltwater bivalves with high nutritional and medicinal value that are cultivated widely around the world. Oyster shell is a unique natural biomaterial composed of 95% calcium carbonate and 5% organic polymer material. Its unique multi-scale and multi-level “brick-mud”microstructure is similar to human hard tissues, which endows its good mechanical stability, biocompatibility, degradability, and excellent adsorption properties. Herein, this paper systematically introduces and discusses the physicochemical and highly ordered hierarchical natural unique calcium carbonate micro nano structure of oyster shell, followed by a summary of its applications in agriculture, industry and biology. Specially, we elaborate the applications of oyster shells in sewage processing, soil improvement, natural antibacterial agents (food industry and biomedicine), bone tissue engineering, medical uses, biological filling, catalysts and dispersive carriers in diesel industry, concrete fillers in construction industry, and functional coating additives,and introduce the advances in using the bioconversion technology to convert oyster shells into bioenergy, new biomass materials and other applications. In addition, this review also discusses the potential applications of oyster shells in industry, agriculture and medicine in the near future.