基于表型性状的金钗石斛种质资源多样性评价*

金钗石斛是我国重要的经济作物,具有药用和观赏价值。对收集的 17个居群的野生金钗石斛植株形态、花、气孔、有效成分含量等表型性状进行统计分析和多样性评价,并进行亲缘关系的系统聚类分析。结果表明,不同居群金钗石斛在表型性状上存在明显差异,种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性;以变异系数较低的7个表型性状为参数进一步进行系统聚类分析,当欧式距离为10时,金钗石斛居群分成三组,其中海南白沙居群独立成一组,表明岛屿隔离阻碍了基因交流,对金钗石斛的生物多样性的贡献较大,因此岛屿为金钗石斛种质资源的就地保护和遗传资源有效维护提供了重要场所,为金钗石斛种质资源的保护和利用奠定了理论基础。

Diversity Evaluation of Dendrobium nobile Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits

Dendrobium nobile Lindl. is an important cash crop in China, which has medicinal and ornamental value. Statistical analysis and diversity evaluation of phenotypic traits such as plant morphology, flowers, stomata and content of active components were carried out on 17 populations of wild D. nobile, and phylogenetic clustering analysis was carried out. The results showed that there were significant differences in phenotypic traits among different populations of D. nobile, and the germplasm resources were rich in genetic diversity. Further, systematic cluster analysis was conducted using 7 phenotypic traits with low coefficient of variation as parameters. When the Euclidean distance was 10, D. nobile populations were divided into 3 groups, of which Hainan Baisha population was an independent group, indicating that island isolation hindered gene exchange and made a great contribution to the biodiversity of D. nobile. The Hainan island provides an important place for the in situ protection of D. nobile germplasm resources and the effective maintenance of genetic resources. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the protection and utilization of D. nobile germplasm resources.