羊肚菌多糖提取分离及生物活性研究进展*

羊肚菌(Morchella spp.)是一种珍稀食药用真菌,从羊肚菌中提取的多糖在抗癌、抗氧化、降血糖、降血脂及免疫调节等方面具有良好的生物活性,在食品、药品和保健品开发方面具有广阔的应用前景。羊肚菌多糖的有效提取是对其进行结构解析和生物活性研究的基础,不同的提取方式对羊肚菌多糖的结构和生物活性具有一定影响。羊肚菌多糖的结构特性如分子量、单糖组成、一级结构等,对其生物活性具有很大影响,因此研究羊肚菌多糖的结构对揭示其生物活性及作用机制具有重要意义。针对羊肚菌多糖进行综述,总结羊肚菌多糖提取分离、结构解析及生物活性的研究进展,分析羊肚菌多糖生物活性的作用机制,并对今后研究方向提出展望,以期为羊肚菌多糖的研究与开发提供理论基础。

Advances in Extraction,Isolation and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides from Morel

Morel (Morchella spp.) is a kind of rare edible and medicinal fungus. The polysaccharides extracted from morel have excellent biological activities in terms of anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects and immune regulation, and have broad application prospects in the development of food, pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. The effective extraction of morel polysaccharide is the basis of its structure analysis and bioactivity research. Different methods of extraction for morel polysaccharides have certain effects on their structures and bioactivities. It was found that the bioactivities are impacted greatly by the characteristics of morel polysaccharides with structure, such as molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and primary structure. Therefore, it is of great significance to investigate the structure of morel polysaccharides to reveal their bioactivity and mechanism of action. The extraction, isolation, structure analysis and bioactivity of morel polysaccharide are summarized, the mechanism of its bioactivity is analyzed, and the future research direction is proposed to provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of morel polysaccharide.