Esophageal cancer in relation to alcohol drinking and tobacco use among men in Kerala,India – Karunagappally cohort |
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| Institution: | 1. Regional Cancer Center, Trivandrum, Kerala, India;2. Natural Background Radiation Cancer Registry, Karunagappally, Kerala, India;3. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan;1. Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda;2. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States;3. Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya;4. Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya;5. University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States;6. Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda;7. Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda;8. Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States;1. Institute for Cancer Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany;2. Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, København, Denmark;1. Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Germany;2. Charité-Universistätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Germany;3. Charité-Univesristätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology (iBiKE), Germany;4. St. Anna Kinderspital Vienna, Austria;5. University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;6. University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic;7. University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic;8. Medical University Bialystok, Poland;9. University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic;10. Medical University Graz, Austria;11. University of Lucerne, Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, Switzerland;12. Medical University Wroclaw, Poland;13. Kepler Universitätsklinikum GmbH, Linz, Austria;14. Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Applied Nursing Science, St. Gallen, Switzerland;15. Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany;1. Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan;2. Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;1. Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA;2. Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;1. Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550N. Broadway, Ste. 206, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States;2. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 600N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, United States;3. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 600N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, United States;4. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119077, Singapore;5. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States;6. Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundIn the Karunagappally cohort, esophageal cancer is the third most common cancer with an age-adjusted incidence rate of 6.2 per 100,000 person-years among men. The present study analyzed the risk of esophageal cancer in relation to alcohol drinking and tobacco use.MethodsThe study included 65,528 men aged 30–84 years in the Karunagappally cohort, India.ResultsPoisson regression analysis showed that alcohol drinking significantly increased (P = 0.027) the risk of esophageal cancer and the relative risk (RR) for current drinkers was 1.6, (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–2.3). The risk increased significantly in heavy alcohol drinkers (250 g of ethanol or above per day) (RR = 2.1, 95 % CI = 1.2–3.5) (P for trend = 0.014) and among current arrack consumers (RR = 1.8, 95 % CI = 0.99–3.29) (P for trend = 0.025). Current bidi and cigarette smokers showed an increase in the trend of cancer risk. A significantly higher risk was seen in those who had started smoking bidi before the age of 18 years, RR = 1.9 (95 % CI = 1.1–3.3) (P for trend = 0.044). Furthermore, increased RR for heavy bidi and cigarette smokers were 1.6 (95 % CI = 1.1–2.5) and 2.4 (95 % CI = 1.3–4.5), respectively.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first cohort study in India to report an increased esophageal cancer risk with respect to alcohol drinking. |
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| Keywords: | Alcohol drinking Esophageal cancer India Tobacco smoking Tobacco chewing |
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