肝脏类器官的研究及应用进展

肝脏疾病易感性差异大且个体间的肝脏细胞存在明显的异质性，因此开发体外能够长期存活并具有代谢功能的人体类肝组织细胞模型，对治疗终末期肝病、开展肝脏致病机理研究及药物筛选具有重要意义。过去十年中，体外三维类器官模型发展迅猛，为疾病模拟、精准化治疗领域的研究提供了新的工具，显示出巨大潜力。肝脏类器官具有患者的基因表达与突变特征，在体外能够较长时间地保持肝脏细胞功能，已被应用于疾病模拟及药物有效性研究，并具有进行原位或异位移植发挥治疗作用的应用潜能。就干细胞、肝脏原代细胞等不同来源的肝脏类器官的发展及近年的研究进展作了综述，以期为肝脏类器官在疾病建模、药物发现和器官移植领域的研究和应用提供新的思路。

Research Progress and Application of Liver Organoids

The susceptibility to liver disease and the liver cell heterogeneity is highly variable,necessitating in vitro personalized hepatic model system towards disease modeling,drug discovery,and drug toxicity studies.There is much advancement in the development of 3D in vitro models in the past decade.They provide a powerful tool for modeling patient-specific disease and establishing personalized therapeutic approaches.Liver organoids represents the original patient-specifific genetic signature and mutations,and maintain liver cells functions in vitro for a long time.They have been used to mimic liver disease,test drug efficacy and toxicity,offering new perspectives in organ transplantation.This review evaluated the progress and the current application of liver organoids from stem cells or primary cells in disease modelling,drug validation and toxicity assessment,which was expected to provide new ideas for research and application of liver organoids in disease modeling,drug validation,and organ transplantation.