SHH信号通路在海马神经可塑性及相关神经系统疾病中的作用

音猬因子（sonic hedgehog，SHH）是一种分泌蛋白质，可在发育过程中控制神经祖细胞、神经元和神经胶质细胞的形成。研究发现，海马是学习和记忆中至关重要的大脑区域，SHH在海马神经元回路的形成和可塑性中发挥重要作用，可介导海马神经的发生和突触的可塑性调节。海马神经元树突中SHH受体的激活是跨神经元信号通路的组成部分，该信号通路可加速轴突的生长并增强谷氨酸从突触前末端的释放。SHH信号通路转导受损可导致中枢神经系统损伤和相关疾病（如自闭症、抑郁症和神经退行性疾病等）发生。因此，控制SHH信号通路转导，如使用SHH通路抑制剂或激动剂可能有助于相关疾病的治疗。综述了SHH信号通路的海马神经可塑性及其在中枢神经系统发育和相关疾病中的影响，以期为阐明SHH信号转导受损导致的海马神经受损和中枢神经系统相关疾病的机制奠定一定的理论依据。

Progress on the Role of SHH Signaling Pathway in Hippocampus Neuroplasticity and Related Nervous System Diseases

Sonic hedgehog （SHH） is a secreted protein that controls the formation of neural progenitors， neurons and glial cells during development. Studies found that hippocampus is a very important brain area of studing and memory. SHH plays an important role in the formation and plasticity of hippocampal neuronal circuits and mediates hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Activation of SHH receptors in dendrites of hippocampal neurons is involved in transneuronal signaling pathways that accelerate axon growth and enhance glutamate release from presynaptic terminals. Impaired SHH signaling pathway transduction can lead to central nervous system injury and related diseases （such as autism， depression and neurodegenerative diseases）. Therefore， SHH signaling pathway transduction controlling， such as using SHH pathway inhibitors or agonists， may be helpful in the treatment of related diseases. This paper reviewed the hippocampal neuroplasticity of SHH signaling pathway and its effects on the development of central nervous system and related diseases， in order to lay a theoretical basis for elucidating the mechanism of SHH signal transduction impairment leading to hippocampus nervous impairment and central nervous system impairment and related diseases.