抗体药物的发展与应用

早期抗体药物是鼠源单克隆抗体，存在免疫原性强、半衰期短等问题。历经数十年的发展，抗体药物从最初的鼠源单抗，逐步发展为人鼠嵌合抗体、人源化抗体及全人源化抗体。通过片段重组、位点修饰、药物偶联等方法，科研人员研发了包括抗体融合蛋白、抗体偶联药物、双特异性抗体、小分子抗体片段等形式多样的抗体药物。抗体药物在恶性肿瘤、自身免疫病、感染性疾病的治疗上发挥重要作用。通过对抗体药物人源化历程，不同类型的抗体结构和特点，以及抗体药物在新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗中的应用进行综述，并对抗体药物的发展前景进行展望，以期为我国抗体药物的研发提供参考。

Development and Application of Monoclonal Antibody-based Drug

Monoclonal antibody-based drug at first were mouse-derived antibodies， with the problem of high immunogenicity and short serum half-lives. After the development of several decades， monoclonal antibody-based drug developed from murine antibodies to chimeric antibodies， humanised antibodies and full human antibodies. By recombining antibody fragments， modifying sites and conjugating drugs， researchers have developed different kinds of monoclonal antibody-based drug， which included antibody fusion protein， antibody-drug conjugates， bispecific antibodies and antibody fragments. All of them played important roles in the treatment of malignant tumour， autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases. This article summarized the humanization course of monoclonal antibody-based drug， the types of antibodies' construction and characteristics， the application of monoclonal antibody-based drug in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）， and offered a brief future perspective for monoclonal antibody-based drug. The paper was expected to provide references for the development of antibody-based drugs.