Social learning among Congo Basin hunter-gatherers |
| |
Authors: | Hewlett Barry S Fouts Hillary N Boyette Adam H Hewlett Bonnie L |
| |
Institution: | 1Program in Anthropology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia;2Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA;3Department of Child and Family Studies, University of Tennessee, TN, USA |
| |
Abstract: | This paper explores childhood social learning among Aka and Bofi hunter-gatherers in Central Africa. Existing literature suggests that hunter-gatherer social learning is primarily vertical (parent-to-child) and that teaching is rare. We use behavioural observations, open-ended and semi-structured interviews, and informal and anecdotal observations to examine the modes (e.g. vertical versus horizontal/oblique) and processes (e.g. teaching versus observation and imitation) of cultural transmission. Cultural and demographic contexts of social learning associated with the modes and processes of cultural transmission are described. Hunter-gatherer social learning occurred early, was relatively rapid, primarily vertical under age 5 and oblique and horizontal between the ages of 6 and 12. Pedagogy and other forms of teaching existed as early as 12 months of age, but were relatively infrequent by comparison to other processes of social learning such as observation and imitation. |
| |
Keywords: | hunter–gatherers social learning cultural transmission Africa |
本文献已被 PubMed 等数据库收录! |
|