Genetic and genomic approaches to develop rice germplasm for problem soils |
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Authors: | Abdelbagi M Ismail Sigrid Heuer Michael J Thomson Matthias Wissuwa |
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Institution: | (1) International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines;(2) Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan |
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Abstract: | Soils that contain toxic amounts of minerals or are deficient in essential plant nutrients are widespread globally and seriously
constrain rice production. New methods are necessary to incorporate the complex adaptive traits associated with tolerance
of these abiotic stresses, while simultaneously retaining the high yield potential of rice varieties when conditions are favorable.
Significant progress in the genetic characterization of stress response pathways and recent advances in genomics have provided
powerful tools for in-depth dissection of tolerance mechanisms. Additionally, tolerance of most of these abiotic stresses
in rice is controlled by a few QTLs with large effects despite the intricacy of the numerous traits involved. Genetic dissection
of these QTLs and their incorporation into high-yielding varieties will significantly enhance and stabilize rice productivity
in these problem soils. Current efforts at IRRI and in rice breeding programs worldwide are seeking to explore diverse germplasm
collections and genetically dissect the causal mechanisms of tolerance to facilitate their use in breeding. This review focuses
on salinity and P and Zn deficiency as the major problems encountered in rice soils, and examines current understanding of
the mechanisms involved and efforts toward germplasm improvement. |
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Keywords: | Abiotic stresses Marker-assisted breeding Problem soils Oryza sativa Rice Salinity |
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