稻米外观品质性状遗传与分子定位研究进展

稻米外观品质主要是指稻米的粒形、垩白、透明度和籽粒色泽等，它不仅直接影响到人们的喜好，还与其他品质性状诸如蒸煮食用、加工等密切相关。因此，外观品质对稻米的商品价值有着十分重要的影响。本文从经典遗传与现代分子生物学两个方面对稻米主要外观品质的遗传研究进展进行了较全面的综述，包括粒长、粒宽、长宽比、粒厚、垩白、透明度和籽粒色泽等。综合近年来的遗传研究结果发现，大多数稻米外观品质性状都是由数量基因控制的。利用分子标记技术已将控制外观品质的QTL（qualitative trait locus）定位在不同的染色体上，为下一步的稻米外观品质改良提供了有利条件。

Advances in genetic research and molecular mapping of the rice grain appearance quality

The appearance quality of rice grain is mainly referred to rice grain shape, chalkiness, transparency, the grain color, and so on, which not only influences customer＇s feeling, but also is related closely with the cooking and eating and mill quality. So the appearance quality of rice grain plays an important role in the commercial value. This paper in detail reviewed the advances of classic genetics and molecular mapping of genes controlling the appearance quality of rice grain, including grain length, grain width, length-width ratio, grain height, chalkiness, transparency and the grain color. The results of most report were suggested that most appearance traits of rice grain were controlled by qualitative genes. So far, these genes have been mapped on the different chromosomes of rice via molecular marker technology, which will provide the beneficial base for the improvement of the appearance quality of rice grain.