Comparing diatom and Alexandrium catenella/tamarense blooms in Thau lagoon: Importance of dissolved organic nitrogen in seasonally N-limited systems |
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| Institution: | 1. Ecologie des Systèmes Marins Côtiers, UMR 5119 CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, IRD, CC093, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France;2. Master of Coastal Resources Management, Diponegoro University, Jl. Imam Bardjo SH N° 5, Gedung Pascasarjana Lantai 3, Semarang 50241, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia;3. Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Morbihan-Pays de la Loire, Rue de l’Ile d’Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France;4. Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Languedoc-Roussillon, BP 171, 34203 Sète Cedex, France;1. University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, PO Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21613, United States;2. University of Maryland, Department of Environmental Science and Technology, 1455 Animal Science/Agriculture Engineering Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States;3. University of Delaware, College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, 011 Lamont DuPont Laboratory, Newark, DE 19716, United States;1. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;2. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Oceans Science, Center for Fisheries and Habitat Research, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, United States;3. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;4. Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, PO Box 123 Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;5. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS # 32, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, United States;1. Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands;3. Department of Ecological Chemistry, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany;4. Waterschap Scheldestromen, Middelburg, The Netherlands;1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;2. University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, P.O. Box 775, Cambridge MD 21613, USA;3. Istituto di Scienze Marine (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy;1. Department of Ecosystem Studies, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research NIOZ-Yerseke, PO Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, The Netherlands;2. Laboratory of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;3. Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80021, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands;1. Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, Muelle de Ánimas s/n, 15001 A Coruña, Spain;2. Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain;3. Programa de Investigación Pesquera & Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, PO Box 1327, Los Pinos s/n, Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile |
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| Abstract: | Diatom blooms in Thau lagoon are always related to rain events leading to inputs of inorganic nutrients such as phosphate, ammonium and nitrate through the watershed with time lags of about 1 week. In contrast, blooms of Alexandrium catenella/tamarense can occur following periods of 3 weeks without precipitation and no significant input of conventional nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate. Field results also indicate a significant drop (from 22–25 to 15–16 μM over 3 days) in dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) at the bloom peak, as well as a significant inverse relationship between A. catenella/tamarense cell density and DON concentrations that is not apparent for diatom blooms. Such dinoflagellate blooms are also associated with elevated (6–9 μM) ammonium concentrations, a curious feature also observed by other investigators, possibly the results of ammonium excretion by this organism during urea or other organic nitrogen assimilation.The potential use of DON by this organism represents short cuts in the nitrogen cycle between plants and nutrients and requires a new model for phytoplankton growth that is different from the classical diatom bloom model. In contrast to such diatom blooms that are due to conventional (nitrate, phosphate) nutrient pulses, Alexandrium catenella/tamarense blooms on the monthly time scale are due to organic nutrient enrichment, a feature that allows net growth rates of about 1.3 d−1, a value higher than that generally attributed to such organisms. |
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| Keywords: | Non classical blooms Organic nitrogen Ammonium Growth rate |
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