三种波段电磁辐射致大鼠睾丸损伤的比较

目的对比性探讨电磁脉冲(EMP)、S带高功率微波(S-HPM)和X带高功率微波(X-HPM)三种波段电磁辐射致睾丸组织受损的近期和远期效应及其相关敏感指标。方法雄性Wistar大鼠192只,随机分为EMP组、S-HPM组、X-HPM组和对照组,于照后不同时间点采集睾丸组织称重,光镜观察睾丸损伤,并用图像分析技术对曲细精管病变进行定量分析。结果三种波段电磁波辐照后睾丸结构和生精细胞形态损伤基本相似:早期睾丸重及睾丸重/体重比值呈下降趋势;曲细精管生精上皮变薄,生精细胞排列紊乱,精原细胞变性坏死并由管壁脱落,精母细胞和精子数量减少并团聚于管腔中央,支持细胞和间质细胞不同程度变性;曲细精管受损百分率显示EMP组最重,S-HPM最轻,生精细胞受损数量与程度显著增加(P0.05)。结论三种波段电磁辐射对睾丸生精细胞的损伤,具有速发性、时相性、分布不均一性特点;损伤程度呈EMPX-HPMS-HPM;睾丸曲细精管受损百分率可定量反映其损伤程度,可望成为评估电磁辐射致睾丸损伤的敏感指标之一。

Comparison of the Damaging Effect of Three Bands Electromagnetic Radiation on Rat Testis

Objective To compare the effects of electromagnetic radiations including electromagnetic pulse（EMP）,S band high power microwave（S-HPM） and X band high power microwave（X-HPM） on rat testis in order to provide an experimental basis and select sensitive index in this type of study.Methods 192 Wistar rats were divided into one control group and three test groups.The testis was taken to observe the damages and analyze the quantitative changes of convoluted seminiferous tubules.Results Three bands electromagnetic radiation caused similar damages in the testis.There were no significant differences in the weight of testis and the ratio of testis weight to body weight among the groups（P 0.05）.The wall of convoluted seminiferous tubules became thinner,the quantity of damaged convoluted seminiferous tubules increased significantly（P 0.05）.There were thining of the seminiferous epithelium,disarangement of spermatogonic cells,degeneration and slough off of spermatogonia,reduction of the amount of spermatocytes and spermatozoa and their agglomeration in the tubular center,and degeneration of Sertoli and Leydig cells to some degree.Conclusions The three bands electromagnetic radiation have similar damaging effects on the testis,in an order of EMP X-HPM S-HPM.The rate of damaged convoluted seminiferous tubules could be a sensitive index to evaluate the effect of electromagnetic radiations on testis.