三个品种豚鼠血液蛋白多态性的比较分析

目的比较分析白毛黑眼（WHBE）豚鼠和DHP豚鼠、花色豚鼠三个品种豚鼠在13个血液蛋白位点上的多态性。方法采用垂直板浓度和pH均不连续的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对WHBE豚鼠、DHP豚鼠和花色豚鼠的66只个体的后白蛋白（Po）、前转铁蛋白1（Prt1）、前转铁蛋白2（Prt2）、转铁蛋白1（Tf1）、转铁蛋白2（Tf2）、后转铁蛋白（Ptf）、慢α球蛋白（Sag）、红细胞酯酶（Es）、血清酯酶1（Est1）、血清酯酶3（Est3）、血红蛋白α（Hbα）、血红蛋白β（Hbβ）和白蛋白（Alb）共13个蛋白位点进行了电泳及染色,再利用电泳图谱对各蛋白位点基因频率、平均杂合度和遗传距离进行计算,然后结合聚类分析。结果 Tf1、Tf2、Ptf、Est1和Es在三个豚鼠品种中表现为多态,其中Tf1可作为识别WHBE豚鼠的遗传标记。Po、Prt1、Prt2、Sag、Est3、Hbα、Hbβ和Alb等位点在三个豚鼠品种中的表型一致。Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态分析表明,Es为DHP豚鼠的高度不平衡位点。Ptf为花色豚鼠的高度不平衡位点。在WHBE豚鼠中,Tf1为高度不平衡位点,Est1为不平衡位点。在三个豚鼠品种中,所检测的13个蛋白位点的平均杂合度的排列顺序为：花色豚鼠（0.350 1）〉WHBE豚鼠（0.339 0）〉DHP豚鼠（0.313 5）。聚类分析结果表明,花色豚鼠和WHBE豚鼠的遗传遗传距离最近（0.064 3）,DHP豚鼠与花色豚鼠的遗传距离最远（0.179 2）。结论利用这些蛋白位点可以有效鉴别WHBE豚鼠、DHP豚鼠和花色豚鼠血液蛋白的遗传多态性。

Analysis of Blood Protein Polymorphism in WHBE Guinea Pig,DHP Guinea Pig and Pigmented Guinea Pig

Objective To analyze the genetic polymorphism of 13 blood protein loci in WHBE guinea pig,DHP guinea pig and pigmented guinea pig.Methods Sixty six blood samples were obtained from three populations of guinea pigs.Vertical plate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis（PAGE） was used to analyze 13 blood protein loci,including postalbumin（Po）,pretransferrin 1（Prt1）,pretransferrin 2（Prt2）,transferrin 1（Tf1）,transferrin 2（Tf2）,posttransferrin（Ptf）,Slow α globulin（Sag）,erythrocyte esterase（ES）,serum esterase 1（Est-1）,serum esterase 3（Est-3）,hemoglobin α（Hbα）,hemoglobin β（Hbβ） and albumin（Alb）.Gene frequences,average heterozygosity,genetic distance and cluster analysis of the 13 protein loci were calculated according to the electrophoresis pattern.Results The results showed that 8 protein loci（Po,Prt1,Prt2,Sag,Est3,Hbα,Hbβ and Alb） were monomorphic,5 protein loci（Tf1,Tf2,Ptf,Est1 and Es） were polymorphic in the three populations and the locus of Tf1 could be the mark of WHBE guinea pig.The locus of Tf1 laid in extreme Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium（P 0.01） and Est1 in disequilibrium（0.01 P 0.05） in WHBE guinea pig;the locus of Es laid in extreme Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium in DHP guinea pig（P 0.01）;and the locus of Ptf laid in extreme Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium in pigmented guinea pig（P 0.01）.The average heterozygosity of 13 protein loci was highest in pigmented guinea pig（0.350 1）,followed by WHBE guinea pig（0.339 0） and DHP guinea pig（0.313 5）.The cluster analysis showed that the genetic distance between WHBE guinea pig and pigment guinea pig was 0.0643,with the closest relationship,and the relationship between DHP guinea pig and pigment guinea pig was the farthest（D = 0.179 2）.Conclusion The PAGE-analysis of polymorphic blood protein loci can be used to effectively identify the genetic polymorphism of the WHBE,DHP and pigmented guinea pig populations.