液泡ATP酶在肿瘤中的作用及机制

液泡ATP酶（vacuolar ATPases，V-ATPases）是真核细胞中高度保守的一类大型多亚基复合物，广泛分布于质膜及溶酶体、内体、囊泡等细胞内膜系统，能够借助水解ATP产生的能量控制H+的跨膜转运。V-ATPases通过对细胞内外多种结构的酸化作用调控着一系列重要的细胞活动，如膜运输、蛋白质加工和降解等。近年来，V-ATPases在肿瘤形成中的功能正逐渐成为研究热点。本文重点综述了V-ATPases通过调控细胞内外环境pH,从而在肿瘤发生过程中所行使的多种功能，例如V-ATPases抑制肿瘤细胞凋亡，参与肿瘤细胞自噬，促进肿瘤的侵袭、迁移与增殖，以及参与肿瘤耐药性的产生等。阐明V-ATPases在肿瘤中的作用机制有望为肿瘤治疗策略的探索、新型药物的开发以及相关科学研究的开展提供参考。

The Role and Mechanism of V-ATPases in Tumors

Vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are large, highly conserved multi-subunit complexes that are widely distributed in the plasma membranes and intracellular compartments of eukaryotic cells, such as lysosomes, endosomes, and vesicles. V-ATPases are responsible for the control of H⁺ transmembrane transport using the energy produced by ATP hydrolysis. V-ATPases are involved in the regulation of many important cellular processes, including membrane transport, protein processing, degradation and so on, through acidification of intracellular structures and extracellular environments. In recent years, the function of V-ATPases in tumor formation is gradually becoming a research hotspot. This review summarizes the functions of V-ATPases in tumorigenesis through their regulation of the intracellular and extracellular pH of the tumor cells, such as inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis, involvement in tumor cell autophagy, promotion of tumor invasion, migration and proliferation, and their participation in promoting drug resistance. To clarify the mechanisms of V-ATPases in tumors may help to lay the foundation for the exploration of cancer therapies and the development of new drugs.