唾液富组氨酸蛋白

唾液富组氨酸蛋白(histidine-rich protein,HRPs)是由人类和高等灵长动物的腮腺、下颌下腺、舌下腺分泌到唾液中的碱性小分子多肽,分子量为4 k D左右,其氨基酸序列富含组氨酸,分子表面带有正电荷和稳定的α螺旋结构.唾液富组氨酸蛋白具有广谱抗菌性,对革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌及真菌都有杀伤作用,其抗菌机制是作用线粒体呼吸通路,诱发ATP的释放.此外,唾液富组氨酸蛋白具有促进伤口愈合的能力,其作用机制与细胞内信号调节激酶1/2通路相关.同时,它也具有金属离子结合能力、机体免疫调节能力,其作用机制与分子表面本身结构特点和阻滞下游信号通路相关.唾液富组氨酸蛋白是一种天然的功能性蛋白质,有望应用在相关疾病的治疗上,本文对唾液富组氨酸蛋白的结构特点、功能机制、应用前景作一简要论述,为后续功能蛋白质的研发和应用奠定了理论基础.

Saliva Rich-histidine Protein—Histatins

Histidine-rich protein size is a kind of alkaline small molecule polypeptide secreted by the parotid, sub-mandibular gland and sublingual gland of human and higher primates. Histidine-rich protein size is about 4 kD, the amino acid sequences of which is histidine-rich, the molecular surface of which has positive charge and the stable α-helical structure. Histidine-rich protein has broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and killing effect to gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Its antibacterial mechanism is related to the interruption of mitochondrial respiratory pathway to the release of ATP. Histidine-rich protein has the ability to accelerate the wound healing and the mechanism is associated with intracellular signal regulating kinase1/2 pathway. In addition, histidine-rich protein has the ability of metal ions binding and the body’s immunoregulation, the mechanism is associated with itself structure features and the blocking of downstream signaling pathway. Histidine-rich protein is a kind of natural functional proteins, which hold a great promise for various therapeutic applications. This review focuses on the structure, function mechanism and the application prospect of histatins, the theoretical foundation has been laid for the further research and application of the functional protein.