放射性药物在肿瘤靶向治疗中的应用

放射性药物指供临床诊断或治疗用的放射性核素制剂或其标记化合物。放射性核素靶向治疗是利用对肿瘤细胞具有特异高亲和力的分子载体将核素定向导入特定的肿瘤组织,对肿瘤进行治疗。与传统的放疗和化疗相比,其具有选择性杀伤肿瘤细胞的特点。随着核医学的发展,SPECT/CT、PET/CT的普及,新靶点的发现和新型放射性药物的研发,利用放射性药物进行靶向治疗在肿瘤临床治疗中占据的地位越来越重要。本文简述了放射性药物的分类、组成及特点;综述了针对肿瘤相关抗原的放射免疫药物在非霍奇金淋巴瘤、结直肠癌和前列腺癌中的应用;受体介导的放射性核素药物在治疗神经内分泌肿瘤、前列腺癌和乳腺癌中的临床应用以及基于基因修饰的放射性药物在肿瘤靶向治疗中的实验研究进展。最后总结了放射性药物在肿瘤靶向治疗中的应用前景与面临的挑战,以期为靶向治疗肿瘤的放射性药物的开发和临床应用提供一些参考。

Application of Radiopharmaceuticals in Targeted Tumor Therapies

Radiopharmaceuticals are radionuclide preparations or radiolabelled compounds used for clinical diagnosis or treatment. The targeted radionuclide therapy uses molecular carriers with high affinity for tumor cells to target radionuclides into specific tumor tissues to treat tumors. Compared with traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, it is more selective. With the development of nuclear medicine, the popularization of SPECT/CT, PET/CT, the discovery of new targets and the development of new radiopharmaceuticals, the targeted therapy with radiopharmaceuticals is playing an increasingly important role in the clinical treatment of tumors. This review briefly describes the classification, composition and characteristics of radiopharmaceuticals; the application of radioimmunodrugs targeting tumor-associated antigen in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, colorectal cancer and prostate cancer; the clinical application of receptor-mediated radionuclide drugs in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors, prostate cancer and breast cancer, and the research progress of radiopharmaceuticals based on gene modification in targeted tumor therapies. Finally, the application prospects and challenges of radiopharmaceuticals in cancer treatment are summarized in order to provide some references for the development and clinical application of radiopharmaceuticals for targeted tumor therapy.