功能化磁性纳米粒子在固定化酶研究中的应用

酶是高效的生物催化剂,在生物技术领域有广泛的应用。然而,不可再生催化的高成本和酶的有效成分分离回收,是实现大规模工业化应用需要解决的关键问题。磁性纳米粒子(magnetic nanoparticles,MNPs)具有优异的磁回收性质。通过设计和制备功能化MNPs作为固定化酶的多功能载体,是解决这一问题的有效途径之一,可为酶的工业化大规模应用提供条件。近年来,功能化磁性纳米粒子在酶的固定化领域基于载体性质、固定化方法和应用有广泛研究。文中重点介绍了近年来各种功能化磁性纳米载体,特别是Fe3O4纳米粒子,在固定化酶中的应用。根据功能化试剂的差异分类,实例讨论了不同功能化修饰的磁性纳米载体对酶的固定化,包括硅烷修饰的磁性纳米载体、有机聚合物修饰的磁性纳米载体、介孔材料修饰的磁性纳米载体以及金属-有机骨架材料(metal-organic framework,MOF)修饰的磁性纳米载体。同时,结合可持续工业催化的发展要求,对磁性复合载体固定化酶的发展前景进行了展望。

Applications of Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles in Immobilized Enzymes

Enzymes are highly efficient biocatalysts and widely employed in biotechnological sectors.However,the high cost of non-renewable catalysis and efficient recovery of enzymes are the most critical issues for large-scale industrial applications.Magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)possess excellent properties of magnetic recovery.Functionalization of MNPs as a potential multifunctional matrix for enzyme immobilization is one of the effective approaches to tackle these challenges,and provide fascinating opportunities for large-scale applications in industry.In recent years,functionalized MNPs have been widely investigated as a noteworthy support for enzyme immobilization focusing on the character of supporting materials,various immobilization methods and numerous applications.This review emphases on the recent developments along with the exploitation of various functionalized MNPs,especially Fe3O4 nanoparticles,as supporting materials for enzyme immobilization.According to different functionalization types,enzymes immobilized on various MNP forms including silica-coated MNPs,organic polymer modified MNPs,mesoporous material modified MNP metal-organic frameworks(MOF)modified MNPs are discussed with suitable examples.We also provide a future outlook of composite magnetic matrix immobilized enzymes in combination with the development of sustainable industrial catalysis.