自噬的相关分子机制

细胞自噬是真核生物中高度保守的一类生物学途径，它通过降解细胞浆内不同组分，维持细胞自身平衡并帮助细胞在应激情况下生存。自噬在生物体生长发育、免疫防御、肿瘤抑制及神经退行性疾病中都有重大的意义。哺乳动物细胞中，自噬过程主要由自噬相关蛋白（Atg）所形成的一系列复合物所调控，这些蛋白质分别在自噬的启动、自噬泡的形成、延伸及成熟和降解过程中发挥重要的作用。在此，本文针对一些重要的自噬相关蛋白质对近年来自噬分子机制的研究进展做一总结。

Molecular Mechanisms of Autophagy

Autophagy is an important cellular pathway conserved in all eukaryotes. During the process, cytoplasmic constituents are delivered to the lysosome and then degraded to maintain cellular homeostasis and help the survival of cells under stressful conditions. Autophagy plays crucial roles in growth and development, immune defense, tumor suppression and neurodegenerative diseases. In mammalian cells, autophagy is mainly regulated by autophagy related proteins (Atg). Atgs are essential in autophagy initiation, autophagosome formation, elongation, maturation and degradation processes. Here, we concluded the recent progresses of the molecular mechanisms of autophagy, especially highlighted some important autophagy related proteins.