肿瘤细胞来源的外泌体与恶性肿瘤的进展及化疗

外泌体是细胞分泌的一种纳米级囊泡结构，在血液、唾液、尿液等多种体液中均有分布.作为一类重要的细胞间通信分子，外泌体含有多种具有生物活性的成分，可通过多种方式在人体中发挥调节作用.目前在多种类型的细胞中均发现外泌体的存在，而肿瘤细胞来源的外泌体由于其本身的特性和功能特点，可通过微环境介导肿瘤细胞的增生、血管形成和免疫耐受，并可通过介导上皮-间质转化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT）
和胞内药物排斥反应等增加肿瘤细胞的化疗抵抗能力.同时,因其含有肿瘤细胞所分泌的特异性成分，因而可通过对外泌体中相关分子改变的检测，对疾病进行诊断和监测，并可为临床个体化用药提供新思路.

Tumor Cells-derived Exosome on Tumor Malignant Progression and chemotherapy

Exosomes are nano scale vesicles secreted by cells. Exosomes existed in body fluids, such as blood, saliva,urine and cerebrospinal fluid. As an important signaling mediator of cell communication, many exosome constituents serve as regulators with different biological activities or functions. So far, exosomes have been found in various types of cells, including tumor cells. Exosomes can participate in tumor cell proliferation, vascularization and immune tolerance by affecting cell microenvironment. Exosomes may also facilitate tumor chemoresistance by mediating EMT and increasing intracellular drug expulsion. Specific component of the tumor cells derived exosomes can be used in diagnosing diseases, as well as providing new means for individualized cancer treatments.