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Effects of reindeer browsing on tundra willow and its associated insect herbivores |
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| Authors: | MICHAEL DEN HERDER RISTO VIRTANEN† HEIKKI ROININEN‡ |
| Institution: | Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, PO Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland;;Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland;;and Vantaa Research Centre, Finnish Forest Research Institute, PO Box 18, FIN-01301 Vantaa, Finland |
| Abstract: | |
| Keywords: | browsing food preference leaf beetles plant growth sawflies tundra willow |