应用红外相机技术研究秦岭观音山自然保护区内野猪的行为和丰富度

2009年7月，在陕西观音山自然保护区凉风垭小区域（中高海拔）和西沟小区域（低海拔）安装18台红外相机，2009年8月至2013年4月共收集野猪照片1 195张。定义9种野猪行为，分别为站立、走动、跑动、采食、饮水、修饰、发情、拱土、坐着休息，并逐一比对照片中野猪的行为，统计各种行为所占的比例；引入月相对丰富度和时间段相对丰富度两个指数分别研究野猪的年活动规律和日活动规律；利用一个种群估测模型探讨野猪密度的年际变化。结果表明：（1）春季野猪以走动、采食和站立为主，分别占总行为次数的36%、25.6%和17.4%；夏季野猪以走动、站立、采食和跑动为主，分别占总行为次数的35.7%、23.6%、17%和16.5%；秋季野猪以采食、走动和发情为主，分别占总行为次数的50.3%、19.3%和17.8%；冬季野猪以采食、走动和站立为主，分别占总行为次数的53.7%、26.7%和11.9%。（2）野猪在8月、9月和12月活动较为频繁；全年日活动高峰出现在午后14:00-16:00，低谷出现在22:00-04:00，四季显示活动规律不同。（3）2009-2012年野猪密度呈逐年上升趋势。这些研究结果有助于了解野猪的行为活动和种群动态，并采取针对性的措施对野猪进行有效管理。

Research on behavior and abundance of wild boar (Sus scrofa) via infrared camera in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve in Qinling Mountains,China

In July 2009,eighteen infrared cameras were installed in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve in Shaanxi Province, located in the Liangfengya area (middle and high altitude)and the Xigou area (low altitude)．We collected a total of 1 195 photos of wild boar during the 45 months from August 2009 to April 2013.We defined 9 types of wild boar behavior: standing, walking, running, feeding, drinking, preening, rutting, rooting and sitting/resting. Each of 1 195 photos was examined carefully and we summarized the percentage of each type of behavior in each season. We introduced two indices as monthly relative abundance index (MRAI) and time - period relative abundance index (TRAI ) to discuss annual activity and daily activity of wild boar respectively. A simple model was used to estimate the change of population density of wild boar yearly. The results show that (1) in spring, behaviors with the great majority of wild boar are walking, feeding and standing (36% ,25.6% and 17.4% respectively);in summer, walking, standing, feeding and running are the most common behaviors (35.7% , 23.6% ,17% and 16.5% respectively);in autumn, proportions for feeding, walking and rutting are 50.3% ,19.3% and 17.8% respectively; and in winter, the behaviors of feeding, walking and standing are dominant having proportions of 53.7% ,26.7% and 11.9% respectively. (2)The activities of wild boars are more frequent in August, September and December based on the MRAI values, and wild boars are more active during the daytime according to the TRAI values. Especially, we got peak values at the period of 14:00 -16:00,and low values at the period of 22:00 -04:00 at the year scale. The activity patterns across the four seasons are different. (3)Finally, the population density of wild boar increased from 2009 to 2012. All of these results can help us to know population dynamics and activity patterns of wild boar,and then we might manage to take effective measures to reduce kinds of damage.