神农架川金丝猴人工补食群的遗传多样性和亲缘关系

以湖北神农架国家级自然保护区的川金丝猴人工补食群体为研究对象，利用微卫星遗传标记对该群体的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行研究，并对其种群的遗传多样性发展趋势进行了预测。结果显示，12个微卫星位点在该补食群体中共检测到50个等位基因，平均观察杂合度和平均期望杂合度分别为0.668和0.630，多态信息含量为0.442-0.696，平均0.567。亲权鉴定中共鉴定出11个父-母-子单元，各单元未有近亲繁殖的状况。亲缘系数结果显示具有亲缘关系的个体对达21.64%，群体平均亲缘系数为0.1108，现6个家庭单元中有两对候选亲本具有亲缘关系，表明该群体存在较高的近交风险。遗传多样性变化趋势的模拟结果表明，种群的数量对遗传多样性的影响比较大，群体中雄雌比例也对遗传多样性的损失有影响；为避免近亲交配，保持群体的遗传多样性水平，建议进一步做好人工补食群金丝猴的个体识别，完善家庭系谱，明确繁殖个体的遗传背景；引入一批有效的建群者来增加种群的数量及优化雄雌的比例。

Genetic diversity and relatedness of the golden snub-nosed monkey provisioned group in Shennongjia National Natural Reserve

To evaluate the genetic status of the golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) provisioned Group in Shennongjia National Natural Reserve, and to provide useful reference information for genetic management of the group, a group of 12 microsatellite markers (Table 2) were used in this study to analyze the genetic diversity and relatedness of the group. In addition, the loss of genetic diversity in the future was simulated by the software BottleSim. 12 microsatellite loci showed good amplification and assayed in 51 individuals (Table 1). Results of genetic diversity assessment (Table 3) indicated that a total of 50 alleles were detected. Mean observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and polymorphic information content (PIC) were 0.668, 0.630 and 0.567, respectively. Compared with Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey populations (He:0.589- 0.740; Ho:0.550-0.720) and some endangered species such as Yunnan golden monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) (He:0.78; Ho:0.58), Guizhou golden monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi) (He:0.78; Ho:0.58), Tonkin leaf monkey (Trachypithecus francoisi) (He:0.559; Ho:0.551), the genetic diversity of the Shennongjia provisioned golden snub-nosed monkey group was not low. 11 units with certain parents and offspring were detected (Table 4). Relatedness analysis showed that these units had not yet suffered from inbreeding (relatedness index < 0.1875). The average relatedness index of this group was 0.1108, and 21.64% of individual pairs were possible relatives (relatedness index < 0.1875), which was 2 times higher than theoretical data in the wild animal population (10%). Additionally, 2 candidate parent pairs in present OMU (One Male Unit) were found to be possible relatives (>0.1875). The results from both parent identification and relatedness suggested that this group was in high risk of inbreeding. Simulation results showed that population size and sex ratio had an impact on genetic diversity, and a loss of genetic diversity would be slowed down by increasing the population size and optimizing the sex ratio. Based on results above, it is suggested that the essential task associated with the provision group is to build an accurate family tree and to check out the genetic background of individuals, especially candidate parentsTo establish a larger and more effective breeding group, with much greater genetic diversity, the group needs to get highly related individuals out of the group and to recruit suitable individuals from other groups.