反刍动物取食量及其调节

反刍动物取食量受动物因素、环境因素和植物因素的影响。取食量的估计可基于５个途径：饲料生物量或动物体重的短期变化；食道或瘤胃瘘管技术；食口计数法；日粪便排出量和消化率的测定；双链烷技术。取食量的调控机制极为复杂，任何单因子都很难给予完全的解释。多因子途径将有助于这一问题的解决。中枢神经系统应当作为探索这一课题的重要基础。无论是从生理学、解剖学或行为学的途径，重要的是寻找和发现中枢神经系统和来自动物体内环境各种信号间的联系，并且探索建立这种联系的巧妙机制以及这种机制是如何在短期和长期的条件下对取食量加以调控。

INTAKE AND ITS CONTROL IN RUMINANTS

Animals, environment, and forages are important factors affecting intake of ruminants. Estimates of intake are mainly based on short term changes in biomass of forages and body weight; techniques of esophageal or ruminal fistulae; bite count; fecal output and a measure of digestibility; double alkanes. Mechanism of intake control is extremely complex and cannot be explained any single factor. It is clear that a multiple factor approach will promote the solution of this issue. However, the central nervous system (CNS) should become an important basis on which we explore this topic. Whether from physiological, anatomical or behavioral approaches, it is important to find the connection between CNS and various signals from the internal environment of animal body. More important, it will be necessary to seek the subtle mechanism of estabolishing this connection and how it works in the control of intake in the short and long term.