贵州黑叶猴日活动时间的分配

1998年至2000年，采用瞬间采样法对贵州省沿河县麻阳河自然保护区核心区的野生成年黑叶猴的日活动规律进行了研究。结果表明：野生成年黑叶猴在全年的行为时间分配中表现为休息所占比例最多，为63.8％；其次是摄食和游走，分别为22．0％和12．3%；嬉戏、拥坐和理毛行为最少，共1．9％。不同季节野生成年黑叶猴的活动变化规律基本相似，但不同季节各种行为的频率、强度和持续时间不同。摄食和休息均存在2个高峰期，但是夏季摄食有4个高峰期，夏季和秋季休息存在3个高峰期。游走在四季的日活动中变化平稳。嬉戏、拥坐和理毛行为存在季节性有或无的现象。

Time Budget of Daily Activity of Francois' Langur(Trachypithecus francoisi francoisi) in Guizhou Province

The daily activity patterns of the wild adult Francois'langurs (Trachypithecus francoisi francoisi)were observed in the core zone of Mayanghe Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province between 1998-2000. The behaviors of wild adult Francois'langur were recorded at 1 minute intervals using an instantaneous sampling method. The behavior of the last second of each minute was recorded and defined as the behavior type score for that minute. Because of limitations imposed by the field conditions, caused by vegetation, terrain and climate, and change of the adult Francois'langurs activity, a continuous and integrated daily field observation record could not be obtained. Consequently the continuous daily behavior pattern was reconstructed by cutting and reassembling behavioral data of different time intervals of different days, but of the same season and at the same observation spot, according to a prior principle of choosing data with a long continuous record. The results indicated that rest, forage, traveling, grooming, cuddling and playing activities accounted for 63.8%, 22.0%, 12.3%, 1.3%, 0.5% and 0.1% respectively in the daily time budget of the wild adult Francois'langur during the study period. Therefore the most time was spent on rest, secondly on forage and traveling, and the least time on grooming, cuddling and playing by the wild adult Francois'langur. The patterns of activity rhythms of wild adult Francois'langur did not show marked seasonal difference. The percent, peak value and duration of various behaviors were different in different seasons. Two or more activity peaks were found for forage and rest in each season, but four peaks were found for forage in summer, and three peaks were recorded for rest in summer and in autumn. The daily activity patterns of traveling changed little in different seasons. The daily rhythms in playing, cuddling and grooming appeared or not in different seasons. The time budget of various behaviors of wild adult Francois'langur was mainly determined by habitat type and quality. Habitat provided adult Francois'langur with different main food resources in different seasons, which changed the forage time budget of this species, and the time budget of other behaviors showed related change. The lack of a marked significant seasonal difference in daily activity rhythm could reflect a lack of marked seasonal changes in the vegetation of this habitat.