四川白河国家级自然保护区及其周边区域有蹄类多样性与空间分布初报

由于资源分布与环境变量的不同，形成多样的生物多样性分布格局，山地生态系统具有较高的生境异质性和丰富的生物多样性，是研究生物多样性分布的理想选择。为掌握岷山北部有蹄类多样性、分布特征及其影响因素，我们基于四川白河国家级自然保护区及边缘区域的160台红外相机监测数据(2017—2020年)，将研究区域按固定间隔划分为5个海拔段，分别计算各海拔段和8种植被类型内有蹄类物种的相对多度指数(RAI)和物种丰富度，整理并初步分析了该区域有蹄类多样性和空间分布。结果显示：(1)该区域共记录到6种有蹄类，毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)是优势种，相对多度指数最高(RAI=41.12)；其次是中华斑羚(Naemorhedus griseus)(RAI=14.10)和野猪(Sus scrofa)(RAI=6.76)，林麝(Moschus berezovskii)(RAI=0.59)和扭角羚(Budorcas taxicolor)(RAI=0.34)最罕见；(2)云杉林和冷杉林中有蹄类物种丰富度均最高(6种)，有蹄类相对多度指数则在常绿杜鹃灌丛中最高(RAI=96.86)，柏木林内的物种丰富度(2种)和相对多度指数(RAI=19.66)均最低；(3)根据相机监测点的海拔，分为低海拔(< 2 500 m)、中海拔(2 500~2 900 m)和高海拔(> 2 900 m)3组，6种有蹄类可以大致分成3类，即高海拔类群(林麝和扭角羚)、中低海拔类群(毛冠鹿和中华鬣羚)和全海拔类群(中华斑羚和野猪)；(4)物种多样性和丰富度在中海拔段均最高，整体呈现近似钟形的分布格局。植被以及植被与海拔的交互效应是影响白河国家级自然保护区有蹄类物种多样性空间分布的主要因素。我们建议：保护区在管理实践中应减少中低海拔段干扰，控制林线以上区域放牧；未来的监测或调查应增加极高海拔区域(3 300 m以上)的抽样强度。

Preliminary report on ungulate diversity and spatial distributions in Baihe National Nature Reserve and its surrounding areas,Sichuan

A variety of biodiversity distribution patterns are formed due to variation in the distribution of resources and gradation in environmental variables. Montane ecosystems often have highly heterogeneous habitats, distributing resources in discrete patterns that offer ideal natural experiments to study the spatial distributions of biodiversity. Our aim was to investigate the diversity of ungulates and their spatial distribution patterns and drivers in the northern Minshan mountains based on the analysis of field monitoring data in and near Baihe National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China. In total, 160 infrared cameras were deployed from May 2017 to July 2020 within Baihe National Nature Reserve and its marginal forests. We calculated the relative abundance index (RAI) and species richness of the detected forest ungulates, classifying the cameras by vegetation (eight vegetation types) and elevation (five distinct elevation bands), which ranged between 1 700 m and 3 700 m asl throughout the study area. We adopted GLM and related statistical methods to identify the role of vegetation type and elevation in shaping ungulates diversity and distribution patterns. A total of six ungulate species were recorded in the study area. Tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) was the most abundant species with an RAI of 41. 12, followed by Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus; RAI=14. 10), wild boar (Sus scrofa; RAI=6. 76), takin (Budorcas taxicolor; RAI=0. 59), and forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii; RAI=0. 34). Species richness was highest in the Spruce forest and Fir forest (with all 6 species recorded), while the highest RAI (96. 86) was found in the evergreen rhododendron shrub habitat and both species richness and RAI (19. 66) were the lowest in the cypress forest. The six ungulate species were classified into three elevation ranges:forest musk and takin were restricted to high elevation (> 2 900 m asl); tufted deer and Chinese serow were present in middle and low elevations (< 2 900 m asl) and Chinese goral and wild boar were found across the entire elevation range. Species diversity and richness were the highest in the middle elevation range, generally presenting a bell-shaped distribution pattern. Based on the model, vegetation and the interactive effects between vegetation and elevation were the main factors shaping the spatial distribution of ungulates in the study area. Based on our study, there are two suggestions for future management and monitoring:(1) reduce anthropogenic disturbances and activities at the low-medium elevation range and control livestock populations in meadows, and (2) monitoring or surveys should increase sampling effort at extremely high altitudes (> 3 300 m asl).