个体亲近程度对藏酋猴攻击行为的影响

友好和冲突行为决定了群居动物的社会结构及其表现形式，表现为个体间近距差异。但目前尚不清楚藏酋猴个体间亲近关系的差异性是否会影响冲突和攻击的强度。本研究于2020年9月至2021年5月对栖息于安徽黄山的藏酋猴鱼鳞坑YA1群进行跟踪观察，采用目标动物取样法采集行为数据，全事件记录法用于攻击行为数据的补充，分析个体间近距、理毛和攻击行为矩阵的关系，并采用GLMM模型探讨攻击行为的影响因素。结果显示：藏酋猴个体间近距指数越大，理毛时间越长；个体间近距指数矩阵与攻击总次数、轻度攻击和重度攻击次数矩阵均呈显著正相关；个体间亲近关系越紧密，攻击次数和强度越大，但相较雄性间和异性间，雌性间攻击次数和强度最小。这些结果表明，个体间近距持续时间会增加理毛和攻击行为的可能性，雌性个体间社会关系更稳定，但并未发现藏酋猴根据个体间亲近关系调整攻击强度。本研究为进一步了解多雌多雄的藏酋猴群体的社会关系和社会结构提供了数据支持。

The effects of affiliative relationship on aggressive behavior in Tibetan macaques

Affiliative and agonistic behaviors determine the social structure and its systems in animal groups, which are manifested as differences in proximity between individuals. However, it is unclear whether differences in affinity affect the intensity of conflict and aggression. Thus, we conducted a study on one group of Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana, Yulinkeng, YA1) from September 2020 to May 2021 in Anhui, China. We used focal animal and behavioral sampling methods to record the proximity, grooming, and aggressive behavior of macaques. We correlated the proximity and grooming with aggressive behavior of those matrices, and ran GLMM models to explore the factors that might affect aggressive interaction among individuals. The results showed that the greater the proximity index was, the longer the grooming duration between group individuals had. The matrix based on the proximity index was positively correlated with the total number of aggression, the number of mild aggression, and the number of intense aggression. Individuals with closer affiliative relationships had more often and more heavily aggression towards each other. When comparing differences between sex, we found the frequency and intensity of aggression among females were less than among males. These results suggest that the close proximity could increase the likelihood of grooming and aggression between macaques and that the social relationship between females is more stable. We did not find that the macaques adjust the intensity of aggression according to their affinity. This study provided theoretical support for understanding the social relationship and social structure of multi-male and multi-female Tibetan macaques.