圈养条件下仔狍的生长与发育

2003年4月至2004年10月对12只狍东北亚种雌性生产的16只仔狍进行了生长发育观察.记录仔狍出生日期,观察生长过程的毛色变化,定期检查牙齿生长状况,测定体尺和体重,所得数据采用SPSS13.0软件处理,绘制生长曲线并建立体长与体重的拟合曲线方程.结果表明,圈养条件下仔狍出生主要集中在5月中旬至6月中旬,出生时毛色呈暗棕黄色,身体两侧分布不规则的白斑,翌年换毛后白斑消失;出生仔狍的齿式为(0 0 3 0/4 0 3 0)×2=20,成年狍的齿式为(0 1 3 3/4 0 3 3)×2=34,乳齿6～7月龄开始脱换, 8～9月龄完成,脱换的顺序为中央切齿→两侧切齿→隅齿;(上、下颌)后臼齿的第一后臼齿2月龄萌发、3～4月龄生长完成,第二后臼齿6～7月龄萌发,8～9月龄生长完成,第三后臼齿12～13月龄萌发,14～15月龄生长完成;乳齿的前臼齿从12月龄开始脱换,14月龄完成,脱换的顺序是上颌第一前臼齿和下颌第三前臼齿→上、下颌第二前臼齿→上颌第三前臼齿和下颌第一前臼齿;仔狍体尺增长率顺序为体长>臀高>肩高>胸围>腰围.仔狍体长与体重的拟合曲线方程是Y=63.1084-0.0070x+1.1e-6x2-3e-11x3,生长发育过程可分为生长快速期、生长缓慢期和雌雄狍生长差异期3个阶段.

The growth and development of pen-raised roe deer fawns

The growth and development of 12 female roe deer ( Capreiolus capreiolus manUchurivus) at late pregnancy stage and their 16 fawns were studied from April 2003 to October 2004. Observations, measures, and records were made on the following items: date of birth, change of fawn fur color, teeth growth, and body size and weight. Data were analyzed by Statistical Analysis Software ( SPSS versionl3. 0) , and the growth-curve and fitting quation of body length and body weight were obtained. The results showed that the fawns were born mainly between mid of May and June. Fur color of fawns at birth was dark brown with irregular white spots which would disappear after first moult of the second year post-birth. The teeth patterns of roe deer were (0030/4030)×2 =20 for the fawns and (0 1 3 3/4 0 3 3) ×2 =34 for the adult respective-ly. The renewal of baby teeth started at age of 6-7months and ended at 8 -9 months old, and the sequence of the tooth re-newal started from central incisors, side incisors(upper and lower jaw) , and then corner teeth.The first hind molar appeared at age of 2 months and was fully at 3 - 4 months old. The second hind molar appeared at age of 6 -7 months and was fully developed at 8 -9 months old. The third hind molar initially appeared at age of 12 -13 months and was developed at 14 - 15 months old. The renewal of premolar began at 12 months of age and ended 14 months of age. The renewal order was; first premolar of the upper jaw and third premolar of the lower jaw, second premolar of the upper and lower jaw, then third premolar of the upper jaw and first premolar of the lower jaw. During the growing pe-riod, the growth rate of parts of body was examined, and the order of the growth from high to low was; body length, hip height, shoulder height, chest circumference and waist circumference. The relative curve equation of body length and body weight was Y =63. 1084 -0. 0070x + 1. Le~(-6)x~2 -3e~(-11)x~3.The growth and development of fawn could be divided in three periods; the fast growth, the slow growth and the peroid of the sex related development