笼养黑叶猴拟母亲行为的观察

2002年3～12月，采用焦点动物观察法和全事件行为记录法对南宁动物园人工饲养的5群黑叶猴的拟母亲行为进行了观察。5群黑叶猴中，有幼体9只，成年个体19只。观察发现非母雌性黑叶猴的拟母亲行为有怀抱、携带、接近、理毛、吻婴5种类型；各种行为类型发生的频次从高到低分别为接近（46．19％）、怀抱和携带（24．14％）、吻婴（20．36％）和理毛（9．31％）。通过比较还发现：1）幼体出生几个月内（4～8月龄），黑叶猴拟母亲行为经常发生。2）拟母亲行为的强度与幼体的年龄具有较大的关联性，与非母雌性的育婴经验有关，育婴经验缺乏的非母雌性对幼体表现出比有育婴经验的个体更强烈的兴趣。3）拟母亲行为发生受幼猴母亲的默认程度的影响，有些母亲不允许其它雌猴接触幼体。4）拟母亲行为有助于缓解群内雌性个体间的冲突，调节群内个体间的关系。

Research on Allomothering Behavior of Francois Langur (Trachypithecus francoisi) in Captivity

Data about allomothering behavior of francois langurs (Trachypithecus franoisi) were collected from March to December, 2002 by means of focal animal sampling and all occurrence recording in Nanning Zoo which include 9 infants and 19 adult females in 5 cages. Embracing, carrying, approaching, grooming and kissing were found to be patterns of allomothering behavior. The frequencies of the allomothering behaviors were 46.19% for approaching, 24.14% for embracing and carrying, 20.36% for kissing and 9.31% for grooming. The results also indicated that: 1)allomothering behavior was common for infants of several months of age; 2)the intensity of allomothering behavior was closely related to the ages of infant and the experience of non-mother female, which indicated that the less experienced non-mother females were more interested; 3)the frequency of allomothering behavior was closely related to mother's permission. Some mothers refused other female's attempt to take care of their infants. The reason may be related to female's competition; 4)some females could improve their relationships with high ranking females by taking care of the infants.