犬瘟热与野生动物

犬瘟热是一种犬瘟热病毒引起的多种动物共患传染病，在世界范围内的家犬和野生动物中多次爆发。犬瘟热的跨种间传播对多种野生动物如东北虎、非洲狮、雪豹、大熊猫等野生动物的种群安全造成严重威胁，并且感染的宿主范围仍在扩大。近年来的研究表明，犬瘟热病毒的不断变异和野生动物栖息地内流浪犬只的增多使我国野生动物尤其是野外种群正在面临犬瘟热的严重威胁。为了更好地应对犬瘟热对野生动物的危害，本文综述了犬瘟热的病原特征和在野生动物中的流行病学、致病机制、诊断与治疗以及疫苗免疫方面的研究进展，在此基础上提出了针对传染源、传播途径、易感动物三方面的控制措施来减少野生动物犬瘟热的传播风险。目前，由于国内自然保护区科研技术力量欠缺以及防控意识薄弱，对于野生动物犬瘟热的监测处于空白状态，这无疑加大了野生动物犬瘟热的防控难度。因此，为了保障我国野生动物种群安全，我们需要加强在野生动物犬瘟热监测与流行病学方面的研究工作，建立有效的监测防控体系将犬瘟热阻挡在野生动物种群之外。

Canine distemper and wildlife

Canine distemper is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by canine distemper virus, outbreaks of this disease have occurred multiple times among domestic dogs and wildlife worldwide. Cross-species transmission of canine distemper has been threatening various wildlife populations severely such as Siberian tiger, African lion, snow leopard and giant panda. At the same time, the range of infectious hosts is still expanding. Recent studies showed that wildlife in China, especially populations in the wild, are facing serious threats from infection of canine distemper due to the constant variation of canine distemper virus and increase of stray dog population. In order to better cope with the hazard brought by canine distemper to wildlife, this study summarized the research progress on pathogenic characteristics, epidemiology, pathogenic mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of canine distemper in wildlife. Based on the above research, we proposed prevention and control measures aimed at canine distemper in wildlife from three aspects including source of infection, transmission route and susceptible animals. At present, due to the lack of scientific research and technology in nature reserves in China and the low awareness toward the risk of wildlife canine distemper transmission, little has been done in monitoring wildlife canine distemper, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty to its prevention and control. Therefore, in order to secure the existence of wildlife population in China, the research about wildlife canine distemper monitoring and epidemiology should be enhanced, establishing an effective monitoring and control system to protect wildlife population from canine distemper.